Volume 27, Issue 2 (Summer-In Press 2026)
jrehab 2026, 27(2): 0-0 |
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Amini Z, Purmohammad M, Mordi A, Ghasisin L. Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Persian Receptive Figurative Language Test (P-RFLT) in Healthy Adults. jrehab 2026; 27 (2)
URL: http://rehabilitationj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-3681-en.html
URL: http://rehabilitationj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-3681-en.html
1- Institute for Cognitive Sciences,Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
3- Department of Clinical Psychology,Faculty of Psychology and Education,, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran., , Cognitive Science Research Institute, Kharazmi University, Tahran, Iran
4- Speech Therapy Department, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. ,ghasisin@rehab.mui.ac.ir
2- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
3- Department of Clinical Psychology,Faculty of Psychology and Education,, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran., , Cognitive Science Research Institute, Kharazmi University, Tahran, Iran
4- Speech Therapy Department, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. ,
Abstract: (57 Views)
Background:Figurative language is a fundamental component of linguistic–cognitive abilities that plays a significant role in understanding nonliteral meanings, abstract thinking, and effective everyday communication. It enables individuals to interpret implicit meanings that are highly dependent on linguistic and contextual cues. The comprehension of figurative language requires advanced linguistic, cognitive, and pragmatic skills, as individuals must move beyond the literal meanings of words to infer intended meanings. Figurative expressions such as metaphors, idioms, proverbs, and similes are frequently used in daily communication and are essential for successful social interaction. Despite the importance of figurative language comprehension, there is currently no comprehensive standardized instrument for assessing its various components in Persian. Therefore, this study aimed to develop the Persian Receptive Figurative Language Test (P-RFLT) and examine its psychometric properties in healthy Persian-speaking adults.
Methods:This methodological cross-sectional study was conducted between 2023 and 2024. Test items were developed based on theoretical frameworks of figurative language derived from cognitive linguistics and pragmatics. Four components of figurative language, including metaphors, idioms, proverbs, and similes, were incorporated into the test. Face and content validity were evaluated by a panel of linguistics experts. Following item development, refinement, and pilot testing, the final version of the instrument was administered to 337 healthy Persian-speaking adults aged 25–65 years. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), while reliability was examined through measures of internal consistency and test–retest stability.
Results:The findings demonstrated that all test items had satisfactory face and content validity. Construct validity was confirmed through EFA. The KMO values and factor loadings supported the adequacy of the factor structure and indicated that each component measured a distinct construct and effectively discriminated among participants. Internal consistency was acceptable, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranging from 0.75 to 0.80. Test–retest reliability, assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), ranged from 0.71 to 0.81, indicating satisfactory stability over time.
Conclusion: The P-RFLT is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing figurative language comprehension in Persian-speaking adults. It can serve as a standardized tool for clinical assessment, cognitive rehabilitation, and future research in the fields of language and cognition.
Methods:This methodological cross-sectional study was conducted between 2023 and 2024. Test items were developed based on theoretical frameworks of figurative language derived from cognitive linguistics and pragmatics. Four components of figurative language, including metaphors, idioms, proverbs, and similes, were incorporated into the test. Face and content validity were evaluated by a panel of linguistics experts. Following item development, refinement, and pilot testing, the final version of the instrument was administered to 337 healthy Persian-speaking adults aged 25–65 years. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), while reliability was examined through measures of internal consistency and test–retest stability.
Results:The findings demonstrated that all test items had satisfactory face and content validity. Construct validity was confirmed through EFA. The KMO values and factor loadings supported the adequacy of the factor structure and indicated that each component measured a distinct construct and effectively discriminated among participants. Internal consistency was acceptable, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranging from 0.75 to 0.80. Test–retest reliability, assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), ranged from 0.71 to 0.81, indicating satisfactory stability over time.
Conclusion: The P-RFLT is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing figurative language comprehension in Persian-speaking adults. It can serve as a standardized tool for clinical assessment, cognitive rehabilitation, and future research in the fields of language and cognition.
Type of Study: Original |
Subject:
Speech & Language Pathology
Received: 15/09/2025 | Accepted: 8/06/2026 | Published: 12/07/2026
Received: 15/09/2025 | Accepted: 8/06/2026 | Published: 12/07/2026
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This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-By-NC 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
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