Objective: However rehabilitation and disability in their modern concept are found in ancient world and medical textbook to a limited rate, the background of treatment and rehabilitation is obviously found in the history of the most ancient territories to coincide with religious beliefs. The aim of this research is study of the effects and reliable documentations remained from ancient times regarding the abovementioned title so that we can evaluate and determine the role of Iranian civilization in the formation of rehabilitations and empowering in the world today on the basis of scientific evidences and proofs.

Materials & Methods: In this qualitative research, reviews in historical documents has been used. After defining the objective and making given hypotheses, data has been collected form reliable sources which were then verified through internal and external critic.

Results: In ancient Iran, Ahuramazda is the source and origin of all goods while all pains, suffering, disabilities are Devil temptations. Iranian civilization is among the earliest civilizations using scientific methods and herbal drugs for treatment and empowering. Gondi Shapor University was among the first medical universities proceeding to treatment and rehabilitation. As well there had been some places at that time where disabled people were maintained and kept.

Conclusion: At the time western world and other nations involved ignorance and unawareness, frightening from hard diseases, threw disabled people to the sea, Iran was the cradle of civilization, wisdom and the biggest medical university. As there are very limited documents and evidences with discrete subjects on the matter, any point and statement in this research work indicate important, critical and undeniable facts the interpretation and description of which is put for the future researches and readers.