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orakifar N, Barati F, Mehravar M, Mofateh R, Saki R, Seyedtabib M et al . Relationship Between Postural Adjustments and Dynamic Balance Control in Individuals With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain. Arch Rehabil 2026; 27 (2) :286-305
URL: http://rehabilitationj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-3709-en.html

Objective Motor control changes can contribute to developing and persisting low back pain. It is often examined using the concept of postural adjustments, and it has at least two components of anticipatory (APAs) and compensatory postural adjustments (CPAs). Impaired APAs and CPAs have been reported in individuals with chronic low back pain. The relationship between PA deficits and the ability to maintain balance during functional activities has not been investigated in individuals with low back pain. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the association between PAs and dynamic balance during functional reach test (FRT) in standing position among individuals with chronic nonspecific low back pain (NLBP).
Materials & Methods In this cross sectional study, 25 individuals with chronic NLBP with a mean age of 30 years participated. They were recruited by non-probability convenience sampling method. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the trunk and lower-limb postural muscles, including the transvers abdominus/ internal oblique, erector spinae, lateral and medial hamstrings, and soleus were recorded using surface EMG method. Center of pressure (CoP) displacements using force plate, and displacement during a FRT were measured. The level of electrical muscle activity, the delay in the onset of muscle activity, and the values of medial-lateral (ML) and anterior-posterior (AP) CoP displacement were the main study variables. The relationship between variables was examined using Pearson’s correlation test. 
Results Participants had low disability and moderate physical activity level. Results indicated a significant positive relationship between the electrical activity level of the medial hamstring during the APA phase and the ML CoP displacement (r=0.38, P=0.019). Also, the lateral hamstring activity level was positively and significantly correlated with ML CoP displacement during CPA phase (r=0.46, P=0.009). Considering that the correlation coefficients values were less than 0.50, relationships weak. No statistically significant relationship was observed in other muscles.
Conclusion Altered feedforward and compensatory motor control strategies of lower limb postural muscles in individuals with chronic NLBP is associated with greater CoP displacement in ML direction during FRT. Further studies on older NLBP adults with higher disability are recommended.