Showing 8 results for Walking
Robabeh Me'marian, Iesaa Mohammadi, Neda Mirbagheri,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (7-2009)
Abstract
Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized with air flow restriction that this limitation is not refundable completely. This study is carried out in order to determine the effect of regular walking as rehabilitation plan on clinical status of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with moderate severity of disease.
Materials & Methods: In this quasi experimental study 100 patients were selected simply from convenient samples of Isfahan hospitals and finally were assigned into two groups as control group (n=30)and experimental group (n=50).Data collection tools include Demographic data questionnaire and observation checklist of clinical status for measuring respiratory status and self report questionnaire about walking doing. All of tools complited in 3 stages: before intervention, end four week and two month after intervention. Data were analyzed by repeated measurement ANOVA, Paired T test and Independent T test.
Results: There was no significant difference in mean score of dyspnea (P=0.1), sputum quality (P=0.45), respiration pattern (P=0.06) and lung auscultation (P=0.06) of control group at different stages of research, but in experimental group, these variants were significant (P-values were 0.01, <0.001, 0.004 and 0.03).
Conclusion: Regular walking as rehabilitation plan in moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients improves clinical status of them (decrease of cough and sputum and regular respiration pattern and lung auscultation) and pulmonary function.
A'aliyeh Daryabor, Hassan Saeedi, Meria Yazdani, Mohammad Sadegh Ghasemi, Hoda Nabavi, Afsaneh Mohammadpour, Mohammad Kamali,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (10-2013)
Abstract
Objective: in normal walking, repetitive vertical ground reaction forces are tansformed on musculo-skeletal system. Magnitude of force during impact is major contributor to overuse injuries. Purpose of this study was the evaluate to effect of standard and beveled heel at orthopedic shoe on vertical ground reaction forces during walking in healthy subjects.
Materials & Methods: 30 healthy adults (12 male, 18 female) participated in this study by simple impossible sampling. Subjects walked along an 8-m walkway in three different conditions: barefoot, orthopedic shoe with standard heel and orthopedic shoe with beveled heel. Vertical ground reaction force data collected in initial stance phases of walking using Kistler force plate.
Results: Results of this study showed significant increasing in impact force in barefoot compared with orthopedic shoe with standard and beveled heels (P˂0.0001). First peak of vertical force and loading rate showed significant reduction in orthopedic shoe with beveled heel compared with orthopedic shoe with standard heel (P˂0.05).
Conclusion: using the beveled heel by changing the location of the ground reaction force from the ankle joint axis, facilitated first rocker and reduce first peak of vertical force and loading rate. because of complication of deleterious loads on lower limb during walking, we could use of this type of heel for some of the patient with special orthopedic disease.
Zahra Safaei-Pour, Ali Esteki, Farhad Tabatabaei-Ghomsheh, Seyyed Mohammad Ebrahim Mousavi,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (1-2014)
Abstract
Objective: Aim of this study was to analysis the ankle moment-angle relation and its characteristics at different gait speeds and phases for using in prosthetic ankle-foot design.
Materials & Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytic study in which 20 participants were chosen with assessable sampling method. Gait analysis at different speeds was performed with two force-plates and five high speed cameras. Ankle characteristics including quasi-stiffness and work were estimated at three periods of stance phase based on moment-angle loop. Mean differences were analyzed with repeated measure ANOVA and regression analysis was performed to fit the linear model to the data.
Results: Moment-angle curve was clockwise at slower speeds and turned counter-clockwise while speed increased. The best fitted line to the work-walking speed curve had R2=0.81. There were significant differences in quasi-stiffness between fast and normal speed and slower speeds (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Moment-angle curve displayed ankle passive function in slower speeds and active function in faster speeds. Results showed ankle characteristics varied at different gait phases and speeds. Thus, at slower speeds a spring-damper model with regulable damping would simulate the ankle function. However, at higher speeds the active elements also should be considered.
Mahmoud Bahrami-Zadeh, Mokhtar A'razpour, A'tefeh Aboutorabi, Mohammad Reza Azarpira,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (4-2015)
Abstract
Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a modified Floor Reaction Ankle Foot Orthosis (FRAFO) design on gait performance in boy with cerebral palsy.
Materials & Methods: In this study, one boy with diplegic cerebral palsy (CP) wore a modified FRAFO bilaterally for six weeks. Immediate effectiveness of the orthosis on improving gait and also following six weeks of gradual orthosis use were recorded. Primary outcome measures were walking speed, cadence and stride length, plus hip, knee and ankle joints range of motion that recorded by VICON motion analysis system.
Results: Cadence, stride length and walking speed were all increased when the Boy with CP wore the modified FRAFO. The boy demonstrated a reduction in ankle ROM when using the modified FRAFO. The mean knee joint ROM was increased from 13/36±8/72 degrees when walking with an orthosis at baseline to 43/1±0/10 degrees when walking with an orthosis after six weeks of use. Boy with the modified FRAFO also had decreased hip flexion angle at initial contact and an extension shift during stance phase following 6 weeks of orthosis use compared to when initially donning it.
Conclusions : A modified FRAFO can improve gait parameters in children with cerebral palsy.
Maryam Rastegar, Seyyed Hosein Hoseini, Mohamad Hosein Naser Melli, Morteza Taffah,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (2-2017)
Abstract
Objective Walking is one of the most important activities of daily living that plays a vital role in the lives of the elderly population and can help improve their physical and mental health. Especially, the survey of ground reaction force (GRF) during walking with different speeds between young and old adults results in better perception of essential mechanisms of speed regulation during walking. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of age and walking speeds on vertical GRF in younger and older adults.
Materials & Methods The subjects of this study included 15 younger and 15 older men with a mean age of 26.46 and 70.33 years, respectively. All the subjects were healthy and randomly selected. A-10-meters walking path was considered along the laboratory, and a three-axis Kistler Force plate was placed in the middle of the track. The distance of walking start line to force plate was 4 meters. Each subject walked this 10-meters path with self-selected (100%), slow (80%) and fast (120%) speeds. The vertical GRF during walking stance phases including weight acceptance or first peak phase (FZ1), midstance or depth phase (FZ2), and heel off or second peak phase (FZ3) were measured by the Force plate at 200-Hz frequency. The data were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni tests.
Results The results showed that the effects of age (P=0.002) and speed (P=0.001) on the mean vertical GRF are significant. Also, the interaction effect of age and speed on the mean vertical GRF was significant (P=0.013). According to the Bonferroni test, in both age groups, the mean vertical GRF was significantly different between different speeds (P<0.01). Moreover, at 100% (P=0.036) and 120% (P=0.002) speeds, there were significant differences between younger and older adults. At slow speed, there was no significant difference in GRF components (FZ1, FZ2, and FZ3) between the two age groups (p>0.05). At self-selected and fast speeds, there were significant differences in FZ1 and FZ3 between the two groups (p<0.01) while there was no significant difference regarding FZ2 (p>0.05). In addition, there were significant differences at FZ1 and FZ3 between different speeds (p<0.01).
Conclusion In summary, the results of the present study showed that during walking with self-selected and fast speeds, the reaction forces of weight acceptance and heel off phases were significantly different between younger and older adults, but there was no significant difference in the reaction force of midstance phase. Moreover, in both age groups, there were significant differences among walking different speeds in the reaction forces of weight acceptance and heel off phases. It seems that lower extremity muscles strengthening in the older adults can increase walking speed and decrease falling risks and functional disabilities of these people.
Seyed Mohammad Mousavi Nodoshan, Ali Reza Taheri,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (5-2021)
Abstract
Objective Everyone is required to walk and stand for long time in daily activities, especially in the workplace. As a result, the Ground Reaction Force (GRF) on the components and joints is so great that they sometimes reach several times the weight of the body. These forces can have devastating effects on the feet and ankles. Various studies have suggested different methods and factors for reducing the GRF while walking. The purpose of this study was to identify the different causes of factors and methods affecting the GRF according to the current study.
Materials & Methods This review study was conducted by searching the databases of ProQuest, PabMed, Web of Science, and MBS from 1995 to 2019. The keywords included 'Ground Reaction Force', foot orthosis', 'walking', 'long term standing impact force'. After reviewing the abstract and title of each study by the authors, the criteria for selecting the article were considered. At the control level of each article, based on the main design of the search, from 1 to 5 were scored as randomized control trial, prospective controlled trial (Cohort), case-control, pre/post, observational clinical consensus, respectively. The quality of the articles was evaluated and scored using the Down and Black tool.
Results Out of 82 articles, 21 articles were selected for analysis based on the criteria. Reporting scores, external validity, and internal validity varied between 4-8, 3-1, 5-2, 6-3, 7-4, respectively. From the studies performed on the molding insoles and the change in the loading rate of the maximum vertical GRF, there is a contradiction in proving it. Investigating the effect of foot orthoses in terms of material may lead to a further reduction in plantar.
Conclusion Determining the effect of different components on GRF in the sole of the foot will help us better understand the factors involved in quality of life. The four domains of gender, post, material, and molding had different effects. Due to the lack of articles related to the study of the effect of gender and the creation of posts in the insole on the GRF can not be decisive.
Hoda Hashemi, Mahmoud Bahramizadeh, Mokhtar Arazpour, Atefe Aboutorabi,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (7-2021)
Abstract
Objective: Balance is one of the indicators to determine independence in performing daily activities in the elderly. One of the influential factors in postural control and balance is walking speed. This study aims to evaluate the effect of rocker soles at two degrees of 10 and 15 on the walking speed and balance of the elderly.
Materials & Methods: The study participants were 19 older adults aged 60 years or older (13 women and 6 men; mean age=66.1 years, mean height=1.63 m, mean weight=70.3 kg). Three models of shoes were used: shoes with a 10-degree rocker sole angle, shoes with a 15-degree rocker sole angle, and control shoes. Walknig speed was evaluated with 10-m walking test, while balance and dynamic postural control were assessed with the Berg balance Scale (BBS) and Star Excursion balance test, respectively. The Shapiro-Wilks test was used to examine the normality of data distribution, and repeated-measures ANOVA and Wilcoxon test were used to compare the effects of different rocker angles on balance and walking speed. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS v. 22.
Results: There was no significant difference in walking speed (P= 0.993), dynamic postural balance at anterior (P= 0.835), posterolateral (P= 0.86), and posteromedial (P= 0.598) directions and balance obtained from BBS (P= 0.625) among the groups using three shoe models.
Conclusion: It seems that the use of rocker sole shoes does not affect the balance and walking speed of the elderly. This study supports the administration of shoes with toe-only rocker soles to the elderly.
Sedigheh Sadat Mirbagheri, Dr Gholamreza Aminian, Dr Mahmood Bahramizadeh, Dr Hamid Dalvand, Dr Farzam Farahmand, Dr Mohsen Vahedi,
Volume 25, Issue 1 (4-2024)
Abstract
Objective Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most prevalent motor disability during childhood, characterized by a range of movement and posture disorders that result in activity limitations. In children with CP, abnormal walking patterns are observed due to spasticity and contractures in the lower limb muscles. Also, an excessive flexion gait pattern of the knee presents in 66% of spastic diplegic CP children aged from 5 to 21 years. Accordingly, reducing excessive knee flexion during walking may decrease secondary compensations and enhance walking performance and quality of life. This study aims to design and evaluate a novel dynamic orthosis along with its impact on functional parameters of walking and occupation performance in a child with spastic diplegia CP.
Materials & Methods This research was a fundamental and applied study of the design and fabrication. The study plan is a single subject, interaction design, conducted in two stages and implemented as A-B-BC-A. After the initial orthosis design, a second and final iteration was developed to address the limitations observed in the preliminary design. The study participant included an 8-year-old boy with spastic diplegic CP, classified as level II (according to the gross motor function classification system expanded and revised), exhibiting a crouch gait pattern. Functional variables, such as speed, balance in walking, spasticity, and occupation performance, were assessed in the study phases.
Results The advantages and disadvantages of the final design were identified. Changes were made regarding manufacturing in less time, the ability to adjust the circumferential measures, ease of wearing and removing, and issues related to toileting. In comparing the baseline with intervention phases one and two regarding balance, the intervention demonstrated effectiveness (percentage of non-overlapping data [PND]=70%). According to PND values, functional speed in the second intervention phase showed significant results (PND=75%). The hamstring muscle spasticity graph analysis during intervention phases exhibited a reduction of 1 or 2 units. The occupational performance score and satisfaction with the child’s performance increased significantly after the intervention phases.
Conclusion According to the mechanism of dynamic movement orthoses, as long as they are worn during the day, they are effective in modulating the tonicity of spastic muscles by exerting pressure on hypertonic muscles. This modulation improves balance, movement speed, and overall task performance. Consequently, these findings suggest that dynamic orthotic interventions may enhance functional outcomes and occupational performance, and satisfaction in children with spastic diplegic CP.
