Objective: In this research, comparison of social adjustment in mothers of educable mentally retardedand girls mothers of normal girls has been investigated. The purpose of this study was answer to this questions that whether presence of mentally retarded child has a negative effect on social adjustment of mothers.

Materials & Methods: This research is a case–control and analytical study. 80 mothers (composed of 40 mothers having mentally retarded girls and 40 mothers having normal girls who educated in middle schools) were selected with random sampling. In the present study the weissman & paykel social adjustment scale (1974) was used. This is a semi-structured interview which investigates social adjustment in seven main areas: used work, social and leisure activities, extended family relations, marital relations, parental role, family unit and economic position.

Results: The findings showed that there is a significant difference between social adjustment in mothers of mentally retarded and mothers of normal girls (P<0.01). One way ANOVA and correlation showed that there was not significant difference between the demographic variables (child age, mother age, the length of marriage, the education level of mother, number of children the position of the child in the family) and social adjustment of mothers of mentally retarded girls (P<0.01).

Conclusion: From the results, we can come up with the point, that the social adjustment of mothers of mentally retarded girls is less than that of mothers of normal girls.

Objective Human behavior is a function of one’s existence and interaction between body and mind. Disability is the inability to perform all or part of the normal activities of individual or social life due to congenital defects, or physical or mental faculties being subject to accidents. Mental disability rehabilitation approach consists of three categories of services: mental, emotional, and physical. Physical or motor disabilities are divided into four categories: physical, visceral, sensory and aging. The concept of disability is omnipresent in every society and culture. Its form may vary between temporary or permanent, total or partial, and fixed or variable. Side effects of disability on individuals are different according to their attitude. Their views about themselves, disability, and familial and social attitudes leads to various complications in the lives of persons with disabilities. It has been proved that endangering the physical health provides psychological reactions in people. Many physical disabilities are associated with mental health problems. Mental health problems in people with health problems are very common. For example, chronic diseases, create physical conditions and limiting long-term negative consequences for the disabled person. Quasi-physical as well as psychological problems have serious implications with respect to diseases. Psychosomatic diseases, for instance, cause different kinds of disabilities. In addition to the development of the machines, the marriage and many other issues may be associated with increased physical disability and mental illness. The importance of physical disabilities due to mental health problems that are associated with health problems treated, including psychiatric problems that disabled people face; social is the low and high social phobia. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy based on social adjustment and social phobia among physically-disabled person. 
Methods & Materials The study population consisted of all individuals belonging to a disability welfare organization in Qom. The sample included 30 males (15 in the control group and 15 in the experimental group) who were selected by random sampling method. In this quasi-experimental study, the participants in the experimental group underwent a 2-month intervention of eight 120-minute sessions. The research design was pretest-posttest with a control group. Data were collected from the questionnaires of Conover, social adjustment, Weisman, and social phobia. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model was used for analyzing. 
Results Our results showed that the acceptance and commitment group therapy increased satisfaction as far as social adjustment was concerned (P<0.001). Significant effect on the subscales of fear (P<0.001), avoidance (P<0.001), physiology (P<0.001), and the total social phobia score (P< 0. 001) was also observed. 
Conclusion The acceptance and commitment group therapy increased social adjustment and decreased social phobia among physically-disabled persons.

Objective The social adjustments decrease with increasing age, which can have a major impact on the lives of the elderly. According to different studies, using different trainings can increase social adjustment in the elderly group. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to study the effectiveness of social skills training on social adjustment of elderly. 
Materials & Methods The current research is experimental with pre-test and post-test patterns and a control group. The statistical population in this study includes 60 elderly people (36 women and 24 men) of the Elderly Cultural Center in Tehran who were chosen randomly. They were grouped into intervention and control groups. Social skills instruction program was done for all groups undergoing experiments in 8 sessions each with 90 min duration for evaluating the social adjustment of participants before the first session and after the last session. Social adjustment bell (1961) and demographic surveys were filled by participants. Valid and reliable Bell compatibility questionnaire 1378 was measured by Naqshbandi. Reliability coefficient of 0.93 was obtained for the total adjustment, 0.86 for social adjustment, 0.77 for physical health, 0.88 for family harmony, 0.70 for job is emotional adjustment, and 0.85 for compatibility. Bell further validated the construct validity. For data analysis, software SPSS version 16 was used, and descriptive statistics like average, frequency variance, and deductional statistics including U-man Whitney, Leven, Kolmogorov–Smirnov and independent (t) and Dependent (t) and covariance (ANCOVA) examination were used. 
Results The result of this research showed that considerable difference can be found between ultimate total social adjustment and each of its subscales, including compatibility of family, emotional, occupational, social and physical health before and after social skills training (P<0.05). Significant differences were found between total and subscales of social adjustment among trained and untrained (P<0.05) people. 
Conclusion According to the results of this study, it can be said that holding social skills instruction social work group on social adjustment method is effective among the elderly. The wider use of this type of intervention by specialists in the field of aging can affect well-being and mental health of this group.