Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of home based cardiac rehabilitation programs (CRP) on quality of life in post Myocardial Infarction (MI) patients.

Materials & Methods: We conducted a quasi experimental design study with a non randomized sampling, pretest - posttest control group. After matching, 38 subjects were allocated randomized either a home based CRP (n=18) and a control group (n=20). At the base line knowledge about disease management and quality of life (QOL) were measured .Then experimental group were instructed by multidisciplinary team about home based CRP. The patients received an instructional booklet containing the above mentioned information and also received support and guidance through phone call and home visits, on the other hand, disease management and health behavior were been measured in ever home visiting. At the end of three months follow up, patient's knowledge and QOL were measured again.

Results: The research findings indicated the improvement QOL for the Experimental group following the application of home-based CRP, this improvement included all dimensions such as physical, mental, and psychological ones (P = 0.000). No significant improvement was observed in social dimension of QOL following the experimental group (P=0.308). For control group, the reduction of averages in different dimensions of QOLwas noticeable. However, this reduction was noticeable and just meaningful in social dimension (P=0.009). Comparing groups, before the intervention, indicated that there weren’t significant differences in different dimensions of QOL but, after the intervention, there was significant difference just in psychological dimension (P=0.032).

Conclusion: Significant positive changes in physical, psychological dimensions and whole of QOL indicated positive effect on homebased CRP on QOL in experimental group. Although there was just significant difference between groups in psychological demands of QOL after the treatment, but research hypothesis, "positive effect of homebased CRP on QOL" wasn’t supported. It may be due to the fact that QOL is a subjective, dynamic and multidimensional concept and defensible outcomes need using larger sample with longer period of time especially based on team approach.

Objective: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common chronic diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), which causes important changes patient’s life, specially in adults life. MS decreases the quality of life (QOL) of patients severely and led to disability gradually. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of applying hydrotherapy on quality of life of Multiple Sclerosis patients.

Materials & Methods: In this Quasi-experimental study, 50 Multiple Sclerosis patients were selected with no probability sampling according to specific criteria and then assigned to experimental and control groups (25 patients in each group) with balanced randomized allocation. Hydrotherapy performed for 24 sessions by experimental group during three months but no intervention was done for control group. Data collector tools included: demographic questionnaire, SF8- QOL questionnaire, Self report checklists. Statistical analysis was done by use of statistical tests such as: chi square, paired t-test, student t-test, ANOVA with repeated measurements and independent t-test. 

Results: There was no significant difference between two groups in phycical and mental dimensions (P=0.04 & P=0.2) and whole (P=0.81) scores of QOL before intervention, but there were significant differences between two groups after intervention in these scores (P<0.001, P=0.003 & P<0.001). ANOVA test with repeated measurements showed that there is significant difference in mean score of whole (P=0.04) and physical (P=0.05) and mental (P=0.04) dimensions of QOL between two groups in 4 times.

Conclusion: Hydrotherapy is practically feasible and is associated with increase of MS patient ,s QOL so that applying this technique can promote MS patient ,s QOL and offered to these patients.

Objective: One of the most widespread cardiovascular disorders is Heart failure and is expressed as a chronic, progressive and disabling disorder .Many research have shown that quality of life in heart failure patients is low. one of the promoting ways of quality of life is self care education. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of self care education on quality of life among heart failure patients .

Materials & Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental research which is done on 126 heart failure patients whom were selected from persons referring to Tehran Rajaei Heart Center and were assigned equivalently in intervention and control group by the way of randomly permuted blocks. Data collection was tooled by demographic specification form, questionnaire of quality of life of heart failure patients and “European heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale”. Intervention group patients lied in 6 groups, each group contents of 10 persons for education and participants were educated in 4-6 sessions. The educational package was given to these patients, finally. Time for each session was 30-45 minutes. For data analyzing, Paired T-test and Independent T-test, Chi-square, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Levens test and analyze of covariance were used.

Results: There was no significant difference between two groups in total quality of life (P=0.214) and self care (P=0.795) before intervention, but after intervention these differences were significant (P<0.001). Also, there were significant differences between two groups after intervention in average of physical-activity, socio-economical, mental and general health dimensions of quality of life (P<0.001). Quality of life and self care of intervention group were more significantly than before intervention (P<0.001), but there was no significant difference between before and after score of quality of life (P=0.154) and self care (P=0.431) in control group.

Conclusion: Results of study show that the education of self care was effective on quality of life among heart failure patients and researchers recommend this intervention as a one of the suitable and benefit styles for promoting the quality of life in these patients.

Objective: Since presence of cerebral palsied child affects the life quality of family and specially family caregivers, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of education to caregivers about caring of children with cerebral palsy on quality of life of them.
Materials & Methods: In this interventional and quasi-experimental study, twenty five family caregivers of spastic cerebral palsy children were selected based on inclusion criteria from welfare centers of Babolsar. Instruction courses performed 6-8 sessions and each session takes 30 minutes. The quality of life was assessed using SF36 (short form health survey with 36 question) at the beginning and 3 months after the instruction courses . Paired T test and Wilcoxon nonparametric test were used for data analysis.
Results: The scores of quality of life followed by instruction courses showed that there was meaningful improvement in whole of eight realms , both total realms of physical health and mental health ,as well as total quality of life (P<0.001) .The minimum increase in mean difference found in mental health(11.36±13.59) and the maximum increase found in emotional role (50.66±87.24). The amount of change between pre test and post test in the score of total quality of life was (13.18±13.54).
Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that life quality of family caregivers promoted after instruction about how to do correct care on cerebral palsied children. therefore, the importance of family instruction can be concluded for better life of cerebral palsied child caregivers. It should be noted that the effectiveness of rehabilitation program for cerebral palsied children might have positive effects on life quality of their caregivers.

Objective: Quality of life has recently been recognized as an important goal of health care in psychiatry. In this study quality of life of chronic psychiatric patients was evaluated after psychosocial occupational therapy interventions.

Materials & Methods: This study is interventional and quasi experimental. Twoenty four chronic mental patients who had refered to SINA Daily Center as intervention group and fifty chronic mental patients as control group were selected by simle and convenient sampling. The instrument was Wisconsin Quality of Life Client Questionnaire that included 8 subscales. Occupational therapy services consisting group therapy, activity therapy and art therapy, according to center’ plane, were performed during 3 months (2 times in week, 90 minutes in each session) for intervention group. Independent T test & Paired T test were used for data analysis.

Results: There was no significant difference between two groups in parts of QOL before intervention, but after intervention, significant differences were observed in mean scores of satisfaction level, occupational activities, psychological well–being, physical health and total quality o life (P<0.001), also social relation (P=0.005) and economic situation (P=0.003).There was no significant difference between two group in symptoms (P=0.277) and activity of daily living (P=0.020) after intervention.

Conclusion: Psychosocial occupational therapy services are effective on satisfaction level and quality of life of chronic psychiatric patients.

Objective: To translate the WHO’s quality of life questionnaire, WHOQOL-100, into Persian language and assess the validity and reliability of this translated version.

Materials & Methods: To translate the questionnaire, a forward-backward procedure is used. A pilot sample of 60 university students was recruited to assess the repeatability and concurrent validity of the instrument. Then, 500 healthy and 500 disabled individuals were randomly selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. The internal consistency of the Persian version of the WHOQOL-100 was evaluated using the Cronbach’s alpha in this sample. In addition, a multiple linear regression model was utilized for assessing the discriminant validity of this instrument adjusting for different confounders.

Results: The test-retest analysis of the data from the pilot sample showed that the Persian version of the WHOQOL-100 has acceptable repeatability (ICCs for all six domains were more than 0.7). Also, computing the correlation between domains of WHOQOL-100 and WHOQOL-BREF showed satisfactory concurrent validity. Analyzing the data from 500 healthy and 500 disabled persons revealed that all the domains of WHOQOL-100 met the minimum level of acceptable internal consistency. The multiple regression results showed acceptable discriminant validity for all domains of this version of the WHOQOL-100, expect for the spiritual domain.

Conclusion: In general the Persian version of the WHOQOL-100 had satisfactory reliability and validity for assessing the quality of life in Iranian people. However, further research is recommended for challenging the problem of the spiritual domain.

Objective: This study sought to investigate the rule of gender in the relation between sexual desire and quality of life in Measure Depression Disorder.

Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 134 subjects (67 male, 67 female) with Measure Depression Disorder were selected through a randomized sampling method from psychology and psychiatry out pationt centers in Tehran. Data for sexual desire were obtained by a single item measure of Beck Depression Inventory-2 and f quality of life by Short Form 36 (SF-36) and McGill Quality-of-Life Questionnaire. The bivariate correlations between the quality-of-life sub-domains and sexual desire were analyzed with the Pearson test in the males and females, separately.

Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two genders with respect to sexual desire (P=0.230). The SF-36 showed that sexual desire correlated in both genders with pain (r=-0.456 and P<0.001 for the males r=-0.308 and P=0.011 for the females). The SF-36 also demonstrated the correlation between sexual desire and physical functioning variables (r=-0.457, P<0.001), role limitation due to physical problems (r=-0.325, P=0.007), role limitation secondary to emotional problems (r=-0.325, P<0.007), fatigue (r=-0.294, P=0.016), emotional well-being (r=-0.368, P=0.02), and social functioning (r=-0.483, P<0.001). The McGill inventory questionnaire demonstrated correlations between sexual desire and psychological well-being (r=0.255, P=0.037), existential well-being (r=0.293, P=0.016), and social support (r=0.425, P<0.001) in the men.

Conclusion: The more and extent link between sexual desire and quality of life in Major Depression Disorder showed the more effect of changes in sexual desire due to depression on quality of life in male than female subjects.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to translate "Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life" (CPQOL) questionnaire into Farsi and to determine its validity and reliability.

Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, CPQOL was first translated into Farsi through 5 stages, and then its validity and reliability. 200 parents of children with cerebral palsy aged 4-12 years were recruited from 8 selected rehabilitation center and 3 special education schools. Reliability (internal consistency and test-retest within a 3-week interval) and construct validity with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Manual Ability Classification System (MACS).

Results: Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to asses the relationship between CPQOL and GMFCS- E & R (0.18-0.32) and between CPQOL and MACS (0.13-0.40). Item discriminant validity was shown by %75 of items. Cranach’s alpha (0.61-0.87), SEM (4/8-15.27), interaclass correlation (0.47-0.84) showed high reliability of Farsi CPQOL questionnaire.

Conclusion: Farsi version of CPQOL has acceptable validity and reliability rates. It is now useful enough to be used for clinical as well as research purposes.

Objective: The aim of study was developing a valid hearing loss-related quality of life scale for hearing impaired adolescents.

Materials & Methods: The first draft of the questionnaire, answering and scoring systems was produced based on literature review. The viewpoints of 14 experts were gathered to assess the questionnaire’s face and content validity. In order to assess clarity of items, construct validity and test-retest reliability, the questionnaire was completed by 12-18 year- old hearing impaired students of secondary and high schools with mainstreaming and those with exceptional settings in the year 2011 in Tehran city, The adolescents were chosen by stratified sampling and the sample sizes were 28, 255 and 117 respectively. Lawashe Method was used to calculate Content Validity Index. Construct validity was analyzed using factor analysis.

Results: The questionnaire was constructed in 3 domains and 38 items with a set of 3 to 5-answer choices for each question. The total score of the questionnaire and scores of each domain were developed on a 0-100 scale in which the higher scores indicated better QOL. The face validity and content validity (CVI=0.79) was confirmed satisfactory. Test-retest correlation of scores was 0.85 for the total score and 0.81, 0.68, 0.78 for the physical, emotional and social domains, respectively.

Conclusion: The Adolescents' Hearing Loss-Related Quality Of Life Questionnaire has been shown to be a valid and reliable tool and can be used for assessing consequences of hearing impairment, and the effects of rehabilitation programs on quality of life of Iranian adolescents with hearing loss.

Objective: Having a child with cerebral palsy affected all aspects of quality of life the mothers. This is a Quasi-experimental study which was carried out in order to determine the effects of applying supportive program health-centered on the quality of life of cerebral palsy children’s mothers.

Materials & Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental research with two groups case (n=30) and control (n=30) who were selected by random sampling method. Supportive Programs health-centered for case group performed in three stages (assessment, protection and evaluation). Data collection tools include: demographic questionnaire and quality of life questionnaire. Data collected before and two months after intervention. Statistical analysis was done by spss16 software.

Results: Data analysis with Chi-square showed that demographic data were similar in both groups (P>0.05). Comparison of quality of life after intervention by independent samples t-test was significant in two groups (P<0.05) But in dimensions of social function this difference is not significant (P>0.05). Paired t-test showed that there is a significant difference between mean scores of eight dimensions of QOL and whole QOL before and after study in experimental group (P<0.05) But this difference is not significant in control group (P>0.05).meams difference of whole QOL was significant in Both groups (P<0.05).

Conclusion: According to these findings, applying supportive program health-centered on the quality of life of cerebral palsy children’s mothers is effective. So it is suggested that supportive program health-centered to be applied as an effective method to promotion quality of life of chronic disease children’s mothers. Key words: supportive program health-centered, quality of life, cerebral palsy

Objective: Quality of life is affected by many factors including stressors and coping strategies. Schizophrenia patients suffer from numerous stresses and have difficulties in coping strategies against life stressors which in turn can influence their quality of life. So it is important that coping strategies in patients with schizophrenia be known. This study has been performed in order to appraise coping strategies in schizophrenia patient and their relationship with quality of life.

Materials & Methods: In this descriptive- correlational study 90 schizophrenia patients referring to psychiatry clinics of educational psychiatric hospitals in Tehran during a nine-month period were evaluated with the “World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale-Brief Version” and with “The Ways of Coping Questionnaire”. Data was analyzed by Anova, Independent T test, Kruskal Wallis, Man Whitney and chi-square tests.

Results: The results showed that most of the participants (42.1%) used the "avoidance” coping strategy. The results also showed that the majority of participants (77.8%) had an average level of quality of life. In addition, the results showed that there was a meaningful relationship between quality of life and coping strategies (P=0.005) such that samples who used the "avoidance” coping strategy, had lower quality of life.

Conclusion: There was a meaningful relationship between "quality of life" and "coping strategies". Including teaching of coping skills in the treatment and rehabilitation plan of schizophrenia patients can increase their use of more effective coping strategies and to improve their quality of life.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess and compare quality of life indicators in caregivers of schizophrenic patients with and without substance dependency in Razi Psychiatric Hospital.

Materials & Methods: In this analytical study, 30 persons per group (caregivers of substance-dependent and substance non-dependent schizophrenic patients) were selected from Razi Psychiatric Hospital through convenient sampling. Indicators of quality of life were measured by WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire and analyzed by independent t-test.

Results: The overall results of this study showed that all the dimensions of quality of life in caregivers of schizophrenic patients (with and without drug dependency) were similar. However, due to frequent physical and psychological disputes with the patient, Physical health indicators were low. Moreover, the Stigma associated with mental illness caused a decrease in social and religious indicators. On the other hand, other indicators of Quality of life (Environmental and Independency) had improved due to repeated efforts to seek help in solving their problems.

Conclusion: It seems that schizophrenic patients’ addiction does not affect caregivers’ quality of life indicators.

Objective: This study was performed to assess the relationships between personality characteristics, emotional intelligence and quality of life with Mental Health Status of people with disabilities.

Materials & Methods: This Descriptive Correlation study randomly selected (60) of the physical disabilities. Including (30 girls, 30 boys) of SET Educational Beneficence Tavanyaban of Mashhad. Order to collecting data was completed four Questionnaire: General Health (GHQ) Questionnaire, Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire characteristics of personality, Questionnaire (NEO) and Quality of Life Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis

Results: Data analysis showed a significant positive correlation between personality characteristics and quality of life with the four dimensions of mental health. (r=0.86, r=0.87, P<0.05) While there was no significant correlation between the components of emotional intelligence and mental health (r=-0.03, P>0.05) Positive and significant correlation exists between the components of personality characteristics and components of quality of life (P>0.05, r=0.12) negative correlation exists between the components of emotional intelligence and personality characteristics and quality of life (r=-0.13, r=-0.09 P>0.050) This correlation was not statistically significant. Multiple Regression analysis showed that personality characteristics and quality of life are associated and predictors of Mental Health.

Conclusion: Personality characteristics and its components and quality of life are in a direct relationship with mental health and may be regarded as significant predictors of Mental Health

Objective: the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of hospital based cardiac rehabilitation on quality of life of patients with myocardial infarction, which have referred to Baghiatallah hospital in Tehran during the year of 2010.

Materials & Methods: in this semi-experimental research, 50 patients with myocardial infarction in the form of sequential sampling for experimental group and control group in the form of matched probability group (based on age, sex and education) were divided into two groups. First group includes hospital based cardiac rehabilitation (n=25) and later control group (n=25). The information collected with demographic and MC New quality of life questionnaires .The rehabilitation program consisted of twenty session education program and cardiac rehabilitation program. To investigate the differences between experimental and control group, independent samples t-test and paired t-test were used. The education material included some information on diet, medication, coronary risk factors and explanation of the patient cardiac event and exercise.

Results: the research finding indicates the improvement in quality of life for experimental group following the application of hospital based cardiac rehabilitation, this improvement includes all dimensions such as physical (P<0.05), psychological (P<0.05), social (P<0.05) and overall (P<0.05) aspects of quality of life.

Conclusion: since there is no meaningful differences in quality of life between experimental and control groups before the application of hospital based cardiac rehabilitation, it can be concluded that this differences derived from hospital based cardiac rehabilitation.

Objective: Quality of life is a multi-faceted concept and goes beyond an examination merely in terms of physical health. Lower back pain is among the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders, and chronic illnesses such as the nonspecific chronic lower back pain have important consequences like an alteration in the quality of life of the person. This study was conducted to evaluate the quality of life in people with nonspecific chronic lower back pain.

Materials & Methods: The present study is a descriptive inquiry carried out using the cross-sectional method at the Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Babol, Iran. The sample volume was estimated to be 125 subjects where individuals were evaluated through four questionnaires, namely demographic information, the assessment of the level of disability (Oswestry), quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF), and an evaluation of the intensity of the pain.

Results: The participants were from an age range of 18 to 58 years whose mean and deviation of pain intensity and disability were 73.54±32.21 and 56.31±69.16, respectively. In Terms of gender and marital status, no meaningful variation was observed in the physical health, mental health, social relationships, and environmental health variables, but participants with academic education had meaningful differences in all of the above variables compared to individuals from other educational levels. Pain intensity was negatively correlated with general health and mental health, and was positively correlated with the overall disability score. Also, the overall score of disability was negatively correlated with the general quality of life, general health, physical health, mental health, and social relationships, and was positively correlated with the pain intensity.

Conclusion: Since pain intensity and disability not only have physical consequences but affect other facets too, future interventions need to consider the physical aspect, and put emphasis on the mental and social improvement of the patients.

Objective: Mothers of children with spinabifida spend more time to care for their children. Doing this care, depending on the child's functional mobility level can probably cause damage to physical and mental health of mothers. This study aimed to determine the quality of life (QOL) of mothers of children with spinabifida (SB), according to the Hoffer levels using the SF-36 questionnaire.

Materials & Methods: This research was a descriptive- analitical, cross-sectional study. The sample of this study was consisted of mothers of children with SB (2/5– 14 years old), in Tehran. The sample were selected by convenience sampling in the Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinics of University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, that 203 mothers were assessed in one clinic. Primery measures were the Hoffer criteria for grouping and determine the levels of ambulation in children with SB and the outcome measure was SF-36 questionnaire. Data were analyzed using, t test, ANOVA and MANOVA in SPSS (version 18).

Results: In this study, there were significant differences in mean scores on the physical component summary (PCS) (P<0/01) and Mental component summary (MCS) of SF36 (P<0/01) in mothers of children with SB in Hoffer levels. The significant difference in PCS and MCS of SF36, was related to the level I with the other levels of Hoffer criteria, there were no Significant difference in mean score for the PCS and MCS the QOL of mothers for sex and child's age levels (P<0/05). There were a significant differences in mean PCS and MCS a QOL of mothers in different types of SB (P<0/01). This significant difference was related to aculta with meningocele and myelomeningocele (P<0/01).

Conclusion: The dimensions of PCS and MCS of SF36 of mother with SB were affected with types of SB and increasing the levels of Hoffer. In conclusion, Mothers of children with SB require paying attention to their QOL during treatment of the child. In addition, the services should be created to support the physical and psychological aspects of the QOL.

Objective: Bracing along with exercising is the most effective protocol in patients with idiopathic scoliosis which have Cobb angles of 25 to 45 degrees. However, since the psychological aspects of scoliosis treatment may affect the quality of life, and the exact time for adjusting the pads of Milwaukee brace is unknown; Therefore the aim of this study was evaluating the effect of exercising in a group, with adjusting the brace in shorter intervals, in compare to routine protocol, in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis.

Matterials & Methods: Thirty-four patients with idiopathic scoliosis which had Cobb angles of 50 to 15 degrees were included in this study and were divided into experimental and control groups. The patients of two groups participated in an eleven-week treatment program, differ between the two groups. Quality of life scores of both groups were evaluated before and after intervention using SRS-22 questionnaire, as well as scoliosis angles before and after the intervention according to the primary and secondary radiographic X-rays.

Results: Statistical analysis was performed using Paired T-Test in each group, and Independent T-Test between the two groups before and after treatment. The severity of scoliosis curvature and satisfaction domain of the experimental group was reduced significantly in compared with the control group, after intervention (P=0.04). Moreover in the case of  the quality of life in patients with Cobb angles less than 30 degrees, compared with patients with Cobb angles greater than 31 degrees, in the domains of self-image, satisfaction, and total score, the difference was significant (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Adjusting the brace at shorter intervals along with exercising as a group, during the eleven weeks of treatment, has increased satisfaction and reduced the scoliosis Cobb angles of patients.

Objective: The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate psychometric properties of Persian version of WHOQOL-DIS questionnaire in elderly people with disability.

Materials & Methods A classical psychometric method was used to evaluate validity and reliability of WHOQOL-DIS questionnaire in elderly people with disability. Lawshe, and Waltz and Bausell methods were used for assessing content validity. During convenient sampling, 205 elderly, whose score in WHOQOL-DIS questionnaire was more than 4, completed the SF-12 questionnaire in order to assess convergent validity and criterion validity (using known group's comparison). Reliability was estimated using internal consistency and test-retest reliability was determined by means of Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC).

Results: According to Lawshe, and Waltz and Bausell methods of content validity, acceptable scores were obtained for all items. Correlation between the WHOQOL-DIS questionnaire and the SF-12 scales was satisfactory except for social domain (P=0.13). The Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for score of questionnaire dimensions and total score was higher than 0.70. Cronbach's alpha for investigating Intraclass Correlation was higher than 0.70 except for social domain. Comparing known groups revealed distinctions in sex and health and disability status between elderly people (P<0.001).

Conclusion: In general, the findings suggested that the WHOQOL-DIS questionnaire is a reliable and valid measure of health related quality of life among elderly people with disabilities. Therefore, the questionnaire can be used in the investigation on the quality of life of elderly people.

Objective Stuttering can negatively impact the quality of life and cause psychosocial problems for individuals who stutter. The Overall Assessment of the Speaker’s Experience of Stuttering for Adults (OASES-A) is a comprehensive psychological test containing four components in which the fourth one focuses on the quality of life. The main purpose of this study is to examine the quality of life in individuals with and without stuttering, as well as the relationship (correlation) between stuttering severity and each component of OASES-A test in people who stutter.
Materials & Methods Fifty-six adults with stuttering and 56 adults without stuttering participated in this cross-sectional study, and they were matched on age, sex, educational level, and vocation. The stratified random sampling method was used for the survey. The Stuttering Severity Instrument was used to evaluate the severity of stuttering through the oral reading of a 200-word (448-syllabic) text. Similarly, the quality of life was determined by the overall assessment of the speaker’s experience of stuttering. Afterward, independent t-test, Chi-square test, correlation test, Levene’s test, and Spearman’s correlation coefficient were employed to analyze the relationship between quality of life and the components of the OASES test. The data analysis was performed with SPPS version 16.
Results Our results showed that the mean quality of life score of people who stutter was higher than that of non-stuttering people, and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). We also found a significant correlation between stuttering severity and the quality of life (P<0.001). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of age (P>0.68), gender (P>0.9), education level (P>0.65), and vocation (occupation) (P>0.92). 
Conclusion Based on the OASES-A characteristics, people who stutter had a lower level of quality of life. It was also found that the quality of life of people with mild and moderate stages of stuttering was better than the people at severe and very severe stages. In addition, age, gender, education, and vocation were found to affect the quality of life. Therefore, it is important to make positive changes in the psychological aspect of the assessment and treatment processes of adults with stuttering. In addition, attitude should be considered for better interactions in daily communications and to improve the quality of life.

Objective The present study was conducted with the aim to determine the relationship of personality traits with quality of life in spouses of patients with physical disabilities.
Materials & Methods The present study was a correlational study that was conducted in 2015-2016. The study population comprised all spouses of patients with physical disabilities under the purview  of Kerman. Out of them, 100 participations were selected based on availability . To evaluate the research variables, Neo five-factor personality questionnaire and 36-item form of quality of life designed by Varosherbon were used. The data of the research were analyzed using descriptive statistical and correlational and regression methods. SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis.
Results Our findings indicated that there is a positive significant correlation between personality traits of extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness with the quality of life among spouses of patients with physical disabilities (P<0.01). Also, there is a negative significant correlation between the personality trait of neurosis  with the quality of life of spouses of patients with physical disabilities (P<0.01). According to regression analysis findings showed that the personality traits of neurosis and extraversion predicted 17.6 and 5.2% of the variance in quality of life of spouses of patients with physical disabilities (P<0.01), and the personality traits of neurosis had the most contribution to the prediction of quality of life (P<0.001).
Conclusion According to chronic nature of physical disabilities, participation of patients’ wives in care programs can cause improvement in their quality of life and daily activities. Therefore; it is recommended to participant them in care plan through training.