Objective: Hallux Valgus is one of the most foot deformities which increase plantar pressure beneath big toe and first metatarsal. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of foot orthosis on plantar pressure distribution in subjects with mild and moderate Hallux Valgus.

Materials & Methods: in this quasi-experimental study, females 16 with Hallux Valgus were recruited. Plantar pressure in 8 area of foot was measured by Pedar-X insole when wearing standard shoe only shoe with foot orthosis and shoe with foot orthosis after a month of using orthosis. Data were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance test.

Results: using foot orthosis for a month leaded to decrease pressure in the big toe (P<0/019) first metatarsal and 3-5 metatarsals (P<0.001) and also increased pressure in medial mid foot (P<0.001).

Conclusion: Foot orthosis decreased peak pressure in fore foot and increased it in medial mid foot. Therefore redistribute plantar pressure to the more normal pattern in Hallux Valgus subjects. So it could be one of the effective methods to prevent the progression of this deformity in its initial steps of formation.

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease which causes structural and functional changes in foot joints and results in alteration of plantar pressures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the immediate effect of insole with medial longitudinal arch support and metatarsal pad on plantar pressure distribution in females with rheumatoid arthritis.

Materials & Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study in which 15 volunteer females with rheumatoid arthritis were recruited using no-probability simple sampling method. Plantar pressures were assessed using Pedar-X system in four anatomical foot region in two conditions of walking with and without foot orthosis. Average maximum pressures (Kilopascal) were calculated in each region.

Results: Foot orthosis with medial longitudinal arch support and metatarsal pad reduced plantar pressure in heel (P<0.015), metatarsal heads (P<0.03) and increased pressure in mid-foot area (P<0.00). However, no significant differences in average maximum pressure were observed between two assessed conditions in the toe area.

Conclusion: The findings of the present study revealed that the orthosis with medial longitudinal arch support and metatarsal pad corrects increased pressure on heel and metatarsal heads in rheumatoid arthritis. It could increase plantar pressure in mid-foot while decrease it in metatarsal heads and heel regions. Therefore, this orthosis is recommended to be used as a treatment in this pathology in order to re-distribute the foot pressures more normally.

Objective Knee problems, particularly patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), are one of the common complaints of adolescents and young adults. PFPS is also known as "runner's knee" or "jumper's knee" due to its high prevalence among sportspersons. Its symptoms can be aggravated by ascending and descending stairs, squatting, deep squatting, kneeling, prolonged sitting, standing up from sitting, and running. Hence, it affects many aspects of daily life, including the ability to perform pain-free exercise or work-related activities. Non-surgical treatments such as physiotherapy, insoles, and knee orthoses are commonly used to treat people with PFPS. Insoles with medial heel skive is a new method of insole modification that can control pronation and involves the selective removal of small amounts of medial plantar heel of the positive cast of the foot. 
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of custom-made insole with medial heel skive technique on plantar pressure in PFPS subjects.
Materials & Methods In this controlled before-after study, 14 subjects with PFPS were recruited. Plantar pressure and contact area in eight areas of the foot with and without insole with medial heel skive technique were measured using the Pedar system. A paired t-test was used for statistical analysis. 
Results The results of this study showed that the use of insole with medial heel skive technique resulted in decreased plantar pressure in the medial hind foot (P=0.001) compared to without insole. Also, the average plantar pressure (P=0.003) and contact area (P=0.002) in the medial mid-foot with the insole with medial heel skive significantly increased in comparison to without insole. However, no significant change was observed in other regions.
Conclusion The above-mentioned insoles managed to control pronation and alter plantar pressure distribution. However, since the insoles simply transferred the pressure from one area to another area and failed to distribute the pressure equitably over the examined regions, they cannot be considered to have improved plantar pressure distribution in patients with PFPS.