Objective Disability is a general concept that relate to a person's deprivations resulting from defects (disorder) disability. In other words, any lack or reduction in equal level of opportunity to participate in social life is called disability. As a result of increasing population of physical and motor disabled, which is mainly caused by genetic factors, congenital and adventitious such as trauma, accidents, diseases and aging, active social participation of a large number of people will be restricted, but on the other hand, considering ICF classification which emphasize on participation of people with disabilities, the importance of addressing the social participation of people with physical and motor disabilities will be more prominent. Thus helping the individuals with physical and motor disabilities develop their skills for good life, increased confidence in dealing with problems and also help them in development of emotions and social skills seems necessary for successful social participation. So the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of social skills training on social participation among physical and motor disabled people in educational Raad charity rehabilitation complex.
Materials & Methods This research was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test pattern and control group. The statistical population in this study included all students of Raad center (195 members of which 120 were females and 75 males). Sixty physical and motor disabled members were selected randomly and divided into two groups (intervention and control). Social skills program was implemented in the experiment group in 8 sessions, each of 90 min duration. To assess the social participation of participants, the social participation and demographic questionnaires were filled by the participants before the first session and after the last session. Validity and reliability for social participation were 0.788 and 0.87, respectively. The data were analyzed by software SPSS version 16. Descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency, standard deviation, and inferential statistics including Mann-Whitney U test, Levene’s test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t-dependent and independent t-tests and covariance (ANCOVA) were used
Results Significant differences were found between total social participation before and after social skills training (p<0.05) and between total social participation and the institutional and non-institutional subscales for trained and untrained participants (p<0.05).
Conclusion According to the results of this study, holding training sessions on social skills can be effective for the physical and motor disabled people. So, it is likely that the widespread use of this intervention by professionals can relieve the limitations of participation of people with physical and motor disability.

Objective The social adjustments decrease with increasing age, which can have a major impact on the lives of the elderly. According to different studies, using different trainings can increase social adjustment in the elderly group. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to study the effectiveness of social skills training on social adjustment of elderly. 
Materials & Methods The current research is experimental with pre-test and post-test patterns and a control group. The statistical population in this study includes 60 elderly people (36 women and 24 men) of the Elderly Cultural Center in Tehran who were chosen randomly. They were grouped into intervention and control groups. Social skills instruction program was done for all groups undergoing experiments in 8 sessions each with 90 min duration for evaluating the social adjustment of participants before the first session and after the last session. Social adjustment bell (1961) and demographic surveys were filled by participants. Valid and reliable Bell compatibility questionnaire 1378 was measured by Naqshbandi. Reliability coefficient of 0.93 was obtained for the total adjustment, 0.86 for social adjustment, 0.77 for physical health, 0.88 for family harmony, 0.70 for job is emotional adjustment, and 0.85 for compatibility. Bell further validated the construct validity. For data analysis, software SPSS version 16 was used, and descriptive statistics like average, frequency variance, and deductional statistics including U-man Whitney, Leven, Kolmogorov–Smirnov and independent (t) and Dependent (t) and covariance (ANCOVA) examination were used. 
Results The result of this research showed that considerable difference can be found between ultimate total social adjustment and each of its subscales, including compatibility of family, emotional, occupational, social and physical health before and after social skills training (P<0.05). Significant differences were found between total and subscales of social adjustment among trained and untrained (P<0.05) people. 
Conclusion According to the results of this study, it can be said that holding social skills instruction social work group on social adjustment method is effective among the elderly. The wider use of this type of intervention by specialists in the field of aging can affect well-being and mental health of this group.