Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the distribution of body weight force on toe and heel before and after exercise therapy and its effects on relaxation of children with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy.

Materials & Methods: Ten children with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy between 8 to15 years of age participated in this study. Their mean weight and height were (30.8kg ± 5.7kg) and (1.35m±0.09m) respectively. Subjects underwent a 12 weeks of exercise therapy. A dynamic stability platform system (BIODEX) was used to measure the mean percentage of body weight pressure on toe and heal. The balance tests were repeated on stable, almost stable and unstable base of support as well as with and without shoes.

Results: Showed that the mean percentage of body weight pressure on toe and heal after exercise therapy was not significant (p>0.05). The mean percentage of body weight pressure on toe and heal was significantly decrease after exercise therapy in both with and without shoes (p<0.05). The greatest improvement achieved on almost stable and unstable conditions. Wearing shoes resulted in a balance percentage of body weight pressure on toe and heal on stable situation of stability platform the percentage of body weight pressure on toe and heal has no difference before and after exercise therapy. After exercise therapy strengthening the muscle of the ankle joint balance the percentage of body weight pressure on toe and heal. Wearing shoes decrease the muscle stretch and therefore balance the percentage of body weight pressure on toe and heal.

Conclusion: The flexibility of spastic muscle and strengthening of the relax muscle must be perform. This result provides good information for physician in recognizing and therapy impacts on cerebral palsy children.

Objective: This research is aimed to evaluate precisely a dynamic stability platform system to measure the center of gravity's sways around with fluctuations of cerebral spastic palsy children, before an after exercise therapy.

Materials & Methods: Ten children with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy between 8 to15 years of age, wre participated in this quasi experimental (after – before) study. Their mean weight and height were (30.8kg ± 5.7kg) and (1.35m±0.09m) respectively. Subjects underwent a 12 weeks of exercise therapy. A dynamic stability platform system (BIODEX) was used to measure the center of gravity’s sway around the center of base of support (COBOS). The balance tests were repeated on stable, almost stable and unstable base of support as well as with and without shoes.

Results: Findings showed that the mean sway of center of gravity of the cerebral palsy children was significantly decrease after exercise therapy by 0.2 degrees (P=0.001). The greatest improvement achieved on AP directions in all conditions. Wearing shoes resulted in a significant decrease on the body sway.

Conclusion: Exercise therapy significantly improved body balance in CP children. The function of the proprioceptives of the hip and trunk can be improved by exercise therapy and therefore should be considered in rehabilitation program.

Objective: By taking into account that understanding the primary needs of disabled girls and women is essential in finding a suitable solution to their problems, the main objective of the current research was based on the investigation of the needs and the problems of girls and women with physical disabilities in Tehran (capital of Iran). 

Materials & Methods: This research has been carried out in a descriptive manner. The participants of this research were 216 girls and women with physical disability who were selected among 1395 clients of the welfare organization in Tehran through a systematic randomized method. Data collection was carried out using an 82-question questionnaire designed by the researchers. The questionnaire compiled by reviewing current resources on the subject and based on discussions carried out within focus groups. It was finalized after determining its validity and reliability.

Results: Examining the needs and problems of girls and women with physical disability, in general, made clear their priorities in each area. Priorities for educational needs: promoting the awareness of society through education, providing vocational training employment needs: accessible transportation, allocation of special employment opportunities for them (quota system) need for starting a family: the possibility of meeting their future husbands before marriage provided by their families, consultation before marriage their main needs regarding transportation: improving pedestrian pavements and public pathways, provision of a special transport service taking account of their particular disability need for rehabilitation services: rehabilitation aids and educational services leisure time: financial help for using sports-recreational facilities, provision of sports facilities for girls and women with physical disability their needs for establishing communication:, receiving a normal reaction from non-disabled people while dealing with their needs and problems and believing in their abilities rather than their disabilities, presence of a family member when in public places. The following comprises their priorities of problems in the different fields. Educational field: difficulties of transportation and mobility, the lack of educational resources and facilities employment: again the problems of transportation and mobility, the lack of legislative protection of their employment problems in marital life: the interference of others, domestic tasks Violence: violent behaviour and indifference mobility and transportation: the unsuitability of public transport in regards to their specific needs, pedestrian pavements and public pathways difficulties in spending their leisure time: the absence of special or appropriate transport for access to recreational places, the financial shortage for using the facilities of these places.

Conclusion: The findings of our research revealed the priorities of needs and problems of girls and women with physical disabilities from their point of view. In the different fields including: Oeducation, employment, martial life, transportation, treatment and rehabilitatin, leisure timeo and communication.

Objective: To assess wether an oral stimulation program,enhances the oral feeding performance of preterm infants born between 26-32 weeks gestational age.

Materials & Methods: prterm infants (n=20) were randomized into an experimental and cntrol group received an oral stimulation program consisting of stimulation of the oral structures for 15 minutes. Infant in the control group did not receive stimulation. Both were administered once per day for 10 consecutive days.

Results: Independent oral feeding was attained significantly earlier in the experimental group than the control group, 13±4 days (mean-SD) versus 24±4 dayes,respictivly (p=0.00). Length of hospital stay significantly was shorter in the experimental group than the control group, 32±6 days versus 38±2 days, respectively (p=0.021).

Conclusion: An early oral stimulation program accelerates the transition to full oral feeding in preterm infants.This was associated with shorter time of hospital stay.

Objective: The goal of this research was to study progress of reading literacy in hearing impaired students by comparing them in three educational degrees.

Materials & Methods: In this analytical and applied research that was a cross–sectional and comparative study, from fourth grade, guidance and high school students of the exceptional schools in Karaj, Shahriar, Shahre Ghods, Hashtgerd and Robat Karim, 119 hearing impaired students were selected conveniently and their reading literacy evaluated by PIRLS (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study) booklets in three components including: reading ability, Informational comprehension and literal comprehension. Data were analyzed by independent t-test.

Results: There were no significant differences between elementary fourth grade and guidance school third grade students with moderate and sever hearing impairment in reading literacy level and informational and literal comprehension texts (P>0.05). Reading literacy level and literal comprehension texts were significantly different between guidance school third grade and high school third grade students with moderate (P=0.004 & P=0.032 respectively) and sever (P=0.011 & P=0.005 respectively) hearing impairment, but informational texts comprehension between these two groups was significantly different only in moderate hearing impaired students (P=0.008).

Conclusion: The reading literacy development in hearing impaired students has a slow progress which is beyond educational degrees and amount of hearing loss. It is necessary to consider the literacy and reading promotion and direction towards the learning and comprehension deep layers in different educational degrees in exceptional educational system.

Objective: According to obvious changes in drug abuse patterns in recent years, the main purpose of this study was to reassess the effect of demographic and other individual factors on the drug treatment process

Materials & Methods: In this analytic-descriptive study, data collected in Tehran’s Welfare Organization drug treatment outpatient clinics (both private and non-private clinics). 8 clinics were selected (based on a triage classification of clinics, according to the quality of services registered in governmental experts’ records) Demographic and individual variables extracted from the1372 existing files in the treatment centers. Then data processed by multivariable logistic regression.

Results: In this study 258 records (18.8%) of patients revealed successful completion of detoxification phase , The final multiple regression model’s results showed that :1- Crack user clients had 1.49 times more unsuccessful detoxification, (P=0.5), 2- Clients with drug use frequency once daily showed 2.4 times more successful completion in drug detoxification than users with the frequency of 4 times a day, (P=0.01), 3- Also clients with drug free close relatives and home mates had 1.8 times more succession in drug detoxification (P<0.01) and 4- Crack user patients presented with psychological or somatic signs and symptoms had 1.94 times more succession in treatment than others without these symptoms.

Conclusion: New patterns of drug use reveal the importance of reassessing the effect of demographic factors and severity and depth of drug use on the treatment process (as well as quality assurance of services).

Objective: Many patients experience with anxiety and depression after cardiac bypass surgery as a consequence of this type of surgery. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of cardiac rehabilitation on anxiety and depression level of patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.

Materials & Methods: In this interventional study 80 randomly patients, based on convenience sampling, who had the required criteria were selected and divided into two groups marked as experimental and control groups. The data were collected using three questionnaires. Demographic questioner and The Spielberger anxiety scale for measuring the state and trait of anxiety and the Beck depression inventory for measuring the depression. Both groups answered these questionnaires in three stages: on discharge from hospital , immediately and two months after cardiac rehabilitation. After measuring anxiety and depression in both groups on discharge the experimental group participated in 8 session cardiac rehabilitation in four weeks. The control group received only routine program. The data was analyzed using t-test, repeated measurement multi–variate test, chi square, regression analysis and correlation coefficient.

Results: The results revealed that after cardiac rehabilitation program there was a significant statistical differences in depression level between groups (P=0.0014) but in anxiety level, there was no statistical significant difference (P=0.079) between groups.

Conclusion: Cardiac rehabilitation is effective in reducing depression in patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Therefore it is recommended to use cardiac rehabilitation in these patients.

Objective: The aim of this investigation is recognizing the job and psychic factors of the job with Amol nurses backache.

Materials & Methods: This study was conducted on 400 nurses in some public hospitals in Amol. Colleting the information was done through the modified Nordic questionnaire and the given analysis was through the descriptive statistics, chi-square, independent t-test and Logistic regression.

Results: 324 of the nurses (81%) had backache at least once during the previous year. Their average age was 32.39±6.2 years and their average height was 166.7±8.7cm and their average weight was 67.7±9.8. Female gender (OR=3.03), regular exercise (OR=0.4), increased height per centimeter (OR=1.06) and increased weight per kg (OR=1.04) communication means do with back pain showed. Bending for lifting objects from the floor for 5% risk of back pain increases and the work related psychosocial factors were observed for each one degree increase in the intensity of dissatisfaction with colleagues back pain risk is increased 70% and between job stress factors, for every one degree increase in the range (always, most often, sometimes, never) in a hurry to work 40% less likely to back pain.

Conclusion: The findings of this study confirm nurses lumbar injuries are at risk. Also be significant for some individual factors, physical and psychological complexity suggests occupational back pain back pain are factors that can modify their costs into the system and reduce the individual.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nonnutritive sucking on the time needed for achievement of independent oral feeding and weight gaining in 26-32 week gestational ages preterm infants in kamali NICU hospital.

Materials & Methods: Randomized clinical trial design was used. The population of study was 22 preterm infant with 26-32 weeks of gestational ages, that were admitted in kamali’s NICU. After choosing infants based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, the researcher divided them into two groups (control and nonnutritive sucking program) randomly. The researcher implemented this program in 10 consecutive days for each infant during first 5 minutes of gavage feeding (3 times in a day) in experimental group. Infants in control group did not receive any stimulation except routine nursing care. The testers were investigated for gestational age during various oral feeding times and discharge time from NICU and also their weight measured during first, second week after birth and discharge time from NICU and then the results of two groups, were compared.

Results: In nonnutritive sucking group, mean of gestational age at discharge times, was 33.97±0.69 weeks (mean±SD) and in control group was 34.32±1.33 weeks, which is not statistically significant (P=0.4). In NNS group Average weight at discharge time was 1654.54±133.29 grams and in control group was 1472.72±94.34 grams. In NNS group, weight at discharge from NICU was significantly more than the control group (P=0.001).

Conclusion: Use of NNS, significantly increased weight gain. Although there was no statistically significant effect on oral feeding criterion, but clinically improved oral feeding in preterm infants and decreased hospitalization time in NICU were seen.

Crossed aphasia in dextral (CAD) refers to aphasia occurring after right brain damage in dextral persons. CAD is a rare phenomenon in the world and there has not been any report of crossed aphasia in Persian, that is why we measured to report a Persian patient with crossed aphasia and this is a first report of incidence of CA in Persian. In this case report study, we offered a complete report of a 31-year-oldright handed man with right hemisphere lesion who experienced aphasia after his brain injury. We assessed the patient with Persian version of Bilingual Aphasia Test (BAT), Test of Anomia and Apraxia. In addition, more than 100 utterances of connected speech were gathered and analyzed. According to the results of anomia and apraxia tests, he was at normal level in both of them, but he couldn’t get complete score in BAT, the worst score was achieved in making sentence subtest of BAT. He also had deficits in the syntactic comprehension, grammaticality judgments, lexical decision, verbal fluency and reading comprehension subtests of BAT. Linguistic analysis of his connected speech indicated low speech rate and deficit in using prepositions, compound nouns and verbs. The results confirmed the existence of aphasia and incoherent and non-cohesive speech. The reason of the latter could be deficit in using complex sentences and discourse marker (grammatical problems) and circumlocution, deficit in topic maintenance , using pronoun ambiguouslyand selecting inappropriate words for convey meaning (pragmatic problems related to right hemisphere problem) .In sum, this patient showed combination of aphasia, agrammatism, and right hemisphere damage( pragmatic deficit) together.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) on the mental health of harm reduction services’ recipients in Hamedan’s drop-in centers (DIC).

Materials & Methods: This research was a quasi experimental study. The statistical population consisted of 200 subjects. Sixty individuals (30 MMT recipients and 30 harm reduction services’ recipients) were selected through convenient sampling. The data was collected with the SCL 90 Inventory. Data was analyzed with T-Test for independent groups.

Results: The findings showed significant differences between the mental health of MMT recipients and harm reduction services’ recipients in DIC. The mental health of MMT recipients was higher than harm reduction services’ recipients (P < 0/001).

Conclusion: In conclusion, MMT is more effective than harm reduction services (DIC) in improving clients’ mental health status.

Objective Hemipelvectomy amputation is a surgical procedure in which the lower limb and a portion of pelvic are removed. There are a few studies on the performance of this group of patients while walking. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effect of hemipelvectomy amputation on kinematics and muscle force generation of the lower limb while walking with Canadian prosthesis.
Materials & Methods A subject who underwent hemipelvectomy amputation on his left side and whose mass, height, and age were 75 kg, 1.75 m, and 39 years, respectively, was involved in this study. Qualisys motion analysis system with seven cameras and force-plate system were used to record marker tracking and ground reaction forces. Twenty reflective markers were attached to the subject’s body. As the subject walked , the data was recorded. The mean of five trials was used for statistical computing. The data was collected with the frequency of 120 Hz and filtered with 10 Hz low-pass filter. Muscloskeletal modeling was conducted by Visual 3D and OpenSim software. All data were analyzed using the SPSS 19 software at α=0.05.
Results There were significant differences between knee and ankle joint kinematic pattern at Loading, Mid-stance, Terminal stance, and Pre-swing phases of gait (P<0.05). 
In weight acceptance phase and mid-stance phase, ankle plantar flexion and dorsi-flexion range of motion, respectively, were significantly lower in the patient compared to a healthy subject (P=0.00). At the end of the stance phase, ankle range of motion was significantly different in the patient compared to the healthy subject (P=0.00). In the pre-swing phase, ankle plantar flexion was 11.5 degrees greater than that of the healthy subject. In mid-swing phase, patients showed more ankle dorsi-flexion compared to the healthy subject. In weight acceptance phase, knee flexion of patient (P=0.00) was significantly greater than that of the healthy subject, and in mid-stance phase, knee extension of patient was significantly greater (P=0.04). In pre-swing phase (P=0.00) and initial swing (P=0.02), there were significant differences between knee flexion of patients and healthy subjects. The pattern of hip range of motion during gait cycle was the same for the patient and the healthy subject (P>0.05). Force generation of the hip abductor, hip extensor, and knee extensor along with tibialis anterior and posterior of the patients in the sound leg were significantly more than that of the normal subject (P<0.05).
Conclusion The kinematics pattern of the patient’s lower limb during gait is different. Kinematic changes are associated with a significant increase in lower limb muscle generation that can have a degenerative effect on the knee joint. So the importance of this subject should be considered by rehabilitation experts.