Objective: In recent years a variety of system models for providing community based health care services to the elderly has been envisioned and implemented in the developed countries which meet the special care needs of different groups of elders. In Iran due to lack of these systems development, implementation and evaluation of these care system models from aspects of effectiveness and efficiency seems to be necessary.

Materials & Methods: In this study a model of social and health care system for community dwelling frail elders was implemented on 36 such elders for approximately six months and their respective expected outcomes were evaluated. The model has been developed in another study using a qualitative inquiry approach with named methodological triangulation (i.e. comprehensive literature review, panel of experts and ethnography on elders’ life styles and health practices). Implementation of Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment Tool, staff meetings for care planning, adopting an interdisciplinary approach with collaboration among all team members and case management rather than disease management were the most significant characters of this care delivery system.

Results: Investigation of Pretest scores and posttest score in two experimental and control group showed a statistical significance differences.

Conclusion: The preliminary results of employing this care system and examination of expected outcomes such as enhancing quality of life and hope in elders reflects the efficiency of this system, although further complementary studies and particularly cost benefit analysis are strongly recommended.

Objective: The aim of this study is assessment of acceptance of addiction prevention existing methods and design and present of appropriate model.

Materials & Methods: This research has done by survey and desariptive method by using questionnaire we assessed knowledge and belief of people about suggesting and existing methods of addiction prevention and their acceptence and finally design new and appropriate model of addiction prevention. For designing questionnaire, first exports and professors were openly interviewed and according their views final questionnaire was planned. We used questionnaire with 2 open ended and 61 close-ended tests for gathering data. The subjects of research were 2500 persons 13-35 years old that were selected by randomized sampling from 15 provinces.

Results: The findings showed that according to people who were studied, they have positive beliefs about prevention methods and their effectiveness. According to findings a good model is inclusive model that able to do in four level: knowledge, change believe and attitude, control and change behavior.

Conclusion: The people of study belive that acceptance of suggesting and existing methods of addiction prevention are effective direct and indirect to others, and appropriate model is inclusive model.

Objective: Elderly people often suffer from disturbed sleep and Traditional Chinese acupressure is a noninvasive technique that employs pressure and massage to acupoints in order to stimulate the balance of life energy that promotes health and comfort. The purpose of present study was to determine the effectiveness of acupoints massage in elders experiencing sleep disturbances.

Materials & Methods: In this quasi experimental study which was applied as single blind clinical trial, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality index (PSQI) questionnaire was used as a screening tool to select individuals with sleep disturbance by purposeful sampling. Then the individuals were assigned to three groups by balanced randomized method (an acupressure group, a sham acupressure group and control group). Each group had 30 subjects and gender ratio was equal in three groups. The same massage was used in the acupressure group and the sham acupressure group, whereas only conversation was employed in the control group. Time of interventions was limited to 15 min. One course of intervention lasted for 3 days per week. These interventions were carried out for 4 consecutive weeks. After intervention 77 persons completed the questionnaire. Repeated measure ANOVA, ANCOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for data analysis.

Results: The analysis of data post intervention showed significant differences in PSQI subscale scores of the subjective sleep quality (P=0.025), sleep duration (P=0.012), sleep efficiency (P=0.022), sleep disturbance (P=0.025), daily performance (P=0.033), sleep latency (P<0.001) and global PSQI scores (P<0.001) among three groups. POST HOC comparison showed significant differences in PSQI subscales scores and global PSQI scores in the acupressure group compared to control group (P<0.05). Whereas, there was significant difference only in PSQI subscales scores of the sleep latency (P=0.006) and global PSQI scores (P=0.021) in the acupressure group compared to the sham acupressure group. Sleep log data showed significant decrease of awake time and improving the quality of sleep in acupressure group (P<0.001).

Conclusion: This study confirmed the effectiveness of acupressure in improving the quality of sleep of elderly people and offered a nonpharmacological therapy method for sleep-disturbed elderly people.

Objective: To translate and evaluate the test-retest reliability, internal consistency and construct validity of the Persian version of the IKDC questionnaire in Iranian patients after ACL and meniscal operations.

Materials & Methods: After translation based on the Quality Of Life Assessment protocol, the IKDC, KOOS and SF-36 Health Survey were administered to a sample of 101 patients underwent for ACL and meniscal operations. The test-retest reliability was tested by use of an Intra-class Correlation Coefficient, the internal consistency by a Crohnbach’s alpha and the construct validity were tested by correlating the IKDC scores with KOOS subscales including pain, symptoms, ADL, recreations and sport activity, Quality Of Life and the physical and mental component summaries and the SF-36 Health Survey. In addition, the construct validity was measured by Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient parameters.

Results: A high test-retest reliability score was found with an ICC of 0. 99. The Internal consistency was as 0. 90. A moderate to good correlation was obtained between the IKDC total score and KOOS subscales, including pain (r=0.66, P<0.001), symptoms (r=0.55), ADL (r=0.68), sport and recreation activities (r=0.60) and Quality Of Life (r=0.50). A good correlation was found between the total scores of the IKDC and physical component summary (r=0.70) along with another fair association between the mental component summaries of the SF-36 Health Survey (r=0.44).

Conclusion: Persian version of the IKDC is a reliable and valid instrument for designing any assessment or rehabilitation program in Iranian patients after ACL and meniscal Surgery.