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Occupational Therapy Interventions Effect on Visual-Motor Skills in Children with Learning Disorders
Batoul Mandani, Ali Hossein Sazmand, Mozhgan Farahbod, Masoud Karimlou, Mashaallah Mandani ,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (Summer 2007)
Abstract

Objective: Visual-motor skill is a part of visual perception which can integrate visual processing skills to fine movements. Visual-motor dysfunction is often to cause problems in copying and writing. The purpose of this study is investigation of occupational therapy interventions effect on the visual-motor skill in children with learning disorders.

Materials & Methods: In this interventional and experimental study, 23 students with learning disorders (2nd, 3rd, 4th grade) were selected and they were divided (through Randomized Block Method) into two groups, 11 persons as intervention group and the others as the control group (12 people). Both groups were administered the “Test of Visual-Motor Skills- Revised” (TVMS-R). Then case group received occupational therapy interventions for 16 sessions and two groups were administered by TVMS-R again. Data was analyzed by using paired T-test and independent T-test.

Results: Total mark of TVMS-R demonstrated statistically significant difference in visual-motor skills between case and control groups (P<0/001). This test has 8 categories. Total mark of 1, 3,4,6,8 categories demonstrated that occupational therapy had significant effect on visual analysis skills (P<0/005). Total mark of 2, 5, 7 categories demonstrated that occupational therapy had significant effect on visual-spatial skills (P<0/001).

Conclusion: Occupational therapy interventions had significant effect on the visual-motor skills and its items (visual-spatial, visual analysis, visual-motor integration and eye fixation skills).


Identifying Barriers to Self-advocacy in Women With Multiple Sclerosis in Iran: A Qualitative Study
Sara Bachari, Ghazaleh Mandani, Roya Ghasemzadeh, Shadab Shahali,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (Autumn 2021)
Abstract
Objective: Chronic Multiple Sclerosis (MS) often occurs in middle-aged people, who are supposed to take their most important roles in the family and community and thus affect their self-advocacy. This study aimed to identify the barriers to self-advocacy in women with MS.
Materials & Methods: This study was conducted using a qualitative content analysis method. The participants were 10 female members of the MS Association of Khuzestan Province of Iran aged 30-40 years with different educational levels, marital status, and occupations. They were selected using a purposive sampling method. The study data were collected through semi-structured interviews and continued until data saturation from June to November 2019. The content analysis was performed using Lundman and Graneheim’s qualitative content analysis method with an inductive approach conducted continuously and simultaneously with data collection. To evaluate the validity and reliability of qualitative data, we used Lincoln and Guba criteria (credibility, dependability, conformability, and transferability).
Results: The data analysis revealed 900 codes, 21 subcategories, and 6 themes of family barriers, medical barriers, job-related barriers, environmental barriers, sociocultural barriers, and psychological barriers.
Conclusion: Women with MS face a variety of barriers to self-advocacy; most of them are related to family, environment, and society, in addition to personal barriers. Social support and the availability of sufficient and appropriate information about MS can play an important role in confronting these women with mentioned barriers and realizing their self-advocacy.
Barriers and Facilitators of Occupational Performance of People With Stroke: A Meta-synthesis
Mr Hassan Vahidi, Dr Ghazaleh Mandani, Dr Seyed Ali Hosseini, Dr Nazila Akbarfahimi, Dr Azad Rahmani,
Volume 25, Issue 3 (Autumn 2024)
Abstract
Objective Strokes are among the most destructive health problems. They can especially have detrimental effects on the occupational performance of sufferers. The experiences of patients suffering from stroke regarding the impact of the disease on their occupational performance, especially the barriers and facilitators of this performance, can help understand this phenomenon better and design client-centered interventions in this field. Nevertheless, a limited body of literature has investigated the encounters of these individuals and their familial caretakers within this domain. Therefore, the objective of this research is to synthesize the available research evidence regarding the experiences of stroke survivors and their family caregivers regarding barriers and facilitators of occupational performance after stroke.
Materials & Methods All published articles were searched from 4 databases without a time limit according to the determined keywords. Among the 70 articles found, only 22 were included in the study and analyzed based on the quality indicators.
Results The analysis of extractive studies led to the emergence of two categories of barriers to occupational performance with subcategories of individual obstacles, contextual barriers, and rehabilitation barriers and facilitators of occupational performance with subcategories of educational strategies, development of environmental support, and strengthening of individual strategy. 
Conclusion Clients with stroke have many barriers in their occupational performance, and the barriers that are related to the context of rehabilitation are significant. In addition to these important barriers, the existence of supportive and educational facilitators can help improve the client’s occupational performance. A better understanding of the factors related to the occupational performance of patients suffering from stroke requires more studies, especially in the relationship between the context and professional issues of occupational therapy and clients’ occupational performance.

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