Objective: Epidemiologic Investigations have revealed a high prevalence (16% - 44%) of shoulder complaints consistent with "impingement" in certain occupations. Multiple theories exist in respect to the primary etiology of shoulder "impingement" such as anatomic abnormalities of the coracoacrominal arch or humeral head weakness or degeneration of the rotator cuff tendons shoulder kinematic postural abnormalities and improper scapular muscles control. comparison of kinematic parameters of shoulder complex in healthy and impingement persons.

Materials & Methods: 17 patients with shoulder Impingement syndrome that were selected conveniently (age = 43.82) and 17 healthy persons that were matched with patients (age=44.5) participated in this case – control study. A three - dimentional electromechanical digitizer was used to measure scapular position and orientation. Measurments were taken while the arm placed at the side of the body and elevated 45˚, 90˚, 120˚ along with full range of motien in the scapular plane. Orientation was described by upward rotation angle, posterior tilting angle and internal rotation angle. Position was described by medio – lateral position and superio – inferior position. 

Results: Comparing to non impaired subjects, those with impingement, demonstrated a significantly lower upward rotation angle (90˚ , 120˚) and posterior tilt angle of the scapla in respective scapular plane. (P<0/05)

Conclusion: These results suggest that altered scapular kinematic maybe an Important aspect of the "impingement syndrome". Scapular upward Rotation and posterior tipping are important to consider in the rehabilitation of pateints with symptoms of shoulder Impingement.

Objective: The present research attempted to compare the effect of postoperative immobilization orthosis (POIO) and plaster support on Metatarsophalangeal joint alingment in Hallux valgus patients.
Materials & Methods: In this quasi experimental and interventional study, 24 Hallux valgus patients were selected simply and conveniently based on inclusion criteria(age:19-50years, Hallux valgus angle<25˚, inter metatarsal angle=11˚-13˚, no degenerative change in first metatarsophalangeal joint and no general systemic disease) from orthopedic clinic of Milad hospital and were assigned by randomized permuted blocks into two equal groups. In splint group, a positive plaster model was constructed from their feet before surgery and immediately after surgery the orthoses were applied for six weeks. In plaster support group, all the forefoot plasters were applied at the end of operation. The Hallux valgus angle of patients' feet of two groups was measured by radiography immediately and six week after surgery. Chi-square, Independent T test, Pair T test, One way ANOVA and ANCOVA were used to analyze data.
Results: Means difference between Hallux valgus angle means of immediately after surgery and six weeks after surgery of two groups had no significant difference (P=1.00) and also there was no significant difference in Hallux valgus angle mean between immediately and six weeks after surgery in each group (P=1.00).
Conclusion: The effect of plaster support doesn’t differ with splinting in the maintenance of Hallux valgus angle after surgery, so both methods can be used according to patients situation.