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The effectiveness of Token economy reinforcer on the Academic Achievement of 9th Grade Boy Students with Intellectual Disability in the Science class

Mohammad Ashouri, Seyed Mahmoud Mirzamani, Sayedeh Somayeh Jalil-Abkenar, Narges Adib-Sereshki,
Volume 11, Issue 0 (Special Issue: Pediatric Neurorehabilitation 2011)

Abstract

Objective: This study investigates the effectiveness of Token economy reinforcer on the academic achievement of 9th grade boy students with intellectual disability in science class in Tehran Province.

Materials & Methods: The experimental method by pre-test, post- test with the control group was used in this study. Twenty 9^th grade boy students with Intellectual disability from two junior high school were participated in this study. The sample was chosen by cluster method. After random assignment of students in both experiment and control groups, for students of experimental groups were used Token economy reinforce in the 17 sessions instruction and the control group students did not provide a reinforcer in the same sessions. The Wechsler intelligence test was used for matching the groups in terms of IQ and also a teacher made tests were used for measuring the progress of students in science. The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency charts and tables) and t-test.

Results: The results of this study showed that there was a significant increase in academic achievement of students with intellectual disabilities in the experimental group (used token economy) compare with the control group (P<0.001).

Conclusion: Token economy reinforcement increases the academic achievement of students with intellectual disability in science. Token economy reinforcers, increases motivation in students' intellectual disability.

Evaluating the Causes of Deductions for Inpatient Bills Covered by Social Security Insurance in Rofeideh Hospital, Tehran City, Iran, in 2021

Seyedeh Mahboobeh Hosseini Zare, Jafar Babapour, Mehdi Basakha, Seyed Mahdi Mohsenzadeh4, Parvaneh Esfahani, Seyedeh Masoumeh Hosseini Zare, Najmeh Ashouri, Bijan Khorasani,
Volume 25, Issue 1 (Spring 2024)

Abstract

Objective Insurance deductions are among the most important causes of hospital resource waste. Insurance deductions cause financial problems for hospitals and create tension between insurance organizations and hospitals. This study, done by the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, investigates the reasons for deductions of inpatient bills covered by Social Security Insurance in Rofeideh Rehabilitation Hospital
Materials & Methods The study was conducted cross-sectionally on 776 cases admitted to Rofeidah Rehabilitation Hospital in 2021. All invoices for inpatient services sent to Social Security Insurance were reviewed using the census method. To collect data, invoices sent to Social Security, inpatient records and checklists, and a 31-question questionnaire of Mohammadkhani et al. were used. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive (frequency and percentage) and analytical statistics (the Spearman correlation coefficient) in SPSS software, version 23.
Results According to the findings, the highest frequency of inpatient prescriptions was related to November 2021 (7.48%). The most frequent deductions of inpatients’ bills were related to medicine and consumables to the amount of 310815448 Rails and surgeon’s fees in 187728448 Rails. Also, the most common reasons were requesting a surcharge and wrong coding. In this study, there was a significant relationship between the documentation of nurses and doctors and the amount of deductions (P<0.0001).
Conclusion Multiple causes affect the reduction of insurance deductions. By teaching insurance rules and the book on the relative value of health services to medical and nursing staff groups, electronic documents to Social Security Insurance and creating warning mechanisms in it, continuous interaction with Social Security Insurance to justify the managers of the organization regarding the way of providing services to rehabilitation patients and the reason for the prolonged hospitalization time of such patients could be the potential solutions for preventing patients records deductions and help hospitals achieve financial goals.

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