<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<journal>
<title>Archives of Rehabilitation</title>
<title_fa>مجله توانبخشی</title_fa>
<short_title>jrehab</short_title>
<subject>Medical Sciences</subject>
<web_url>http://rehabilitationj.uswr.ac.ir</web_url>
<journal_hbi_system_id>55</journal_hbi_system_id>
<journal_hbi_system_user>journal55</journal_hbi_system_user>
<journal_id_issn>2538-6247</journal_id_issn>
<journal_id_issn_online>2538-6247</journal_id_issn_online>
<journal_id_pii></journal_id_pii>
<journal_id_doi>10.32598/rj</journal_id_doi>
<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
<journal_id_sid></journal_id_sid>
<journal_id_nlai></journal_id_nlai>
<journal_id_science></journal_id_science>
<language>fa</language>
<pubdate>
	<type>jalali</type>
	<year>1390</year>
	<month>7</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<pubdate>
	<type>gregorian</type>
	<year>2011</year>
	<month>10</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<volume>12</volume>
<number>3</number>
<publish_type>online</publish_type>
<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
<articleset>
	<article>


	<language>fa</language>
	<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
	<title_fa>مقایسه ویژگی‌های شناختی، روانی و اجتماعی والدین کودکان بیش از یک فرزند استثنایی با والدین کودکان عادی</title_fa>
	<title>Comparison of Cognitive, Psychological and Social Characteristics, between Parents Who Have More Than One Exceptional Child with Parents of Normal Child</title>
	<subject_fa>عمومى</subject_fa>
	<subject>General</subject>
	<content_type_fa>پژوهشی</content_type_fa>
	<content_type>Original</content_type>
	<abstract_fa>&lt;p dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;هدف:&lt;/strong&gt; پژوهش حاضر به منظور دست یابی به علل و عوامل شناختی، روانی و اجتماعی والدین که احتمالاً در تولد کودکان استثنایی در خانواده‌هایی با بیش از یک فرزند استثنایی مؤثر است، انجام شد.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;روش بررسی: &lt;/strong&gt;پژوهش از نوع مقایسه‌ای پس رویدادی است و نمونه‌ای شامل ۸۰ زوج از والدین با بیش از یک فرزند استثنایی و ۵۳ زوج از والدین با فرزند عادی از جامعه آماری شامل کلیه والدین با بیش از یک فرزند استثنایی و والدین با فرزند عادی در شهرستان ارومیه به صورت در دسترس گرفته شد. در پژوهش حاضر از ابزار پرسشنامه ویژگی‌های روانی اجتماعی والدین با بیش از یک فرزند استثنایی و پرسشنامه رضایت زناشویی (&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;Enrich&lt;/span&gt;) استفاده گردید. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون‌های مجذور خی توافقی، یو من ویتنی و آزمون تی استفاده شد.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;یافته‌ها: &lt;/strong&gt;در میان متغیرهای شناختی، روانی و اجتماعی، بین متغیرهای شغل (پدر و مادر) (۰/۰۰۱&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;P&lt;/span&gt;)؛ تحصیلات (پدر و مادر) (۰/۰۰۱&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;P&lt;/span&gt;)؛ زمان آگاهی از معلولیت (۰/۰۰۱&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;P&lt;/span&gt;)؛ میزان تمایل به ازدواج والدین (۰/۰۰۱&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;P&lt;/span&gt;)؛ نوع رابطه والدین قبل از تولد (۰٫۰۰۱&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;P&lt;/span&gt;)؛ نوع رابطه والدین هنگام بارداری (۰/۰۰۱&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;P&lt;/span&gt;)؛ سلامت روانی مادر (هر چهار عامل جسمانی (۰٫۰۳۷=&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;P&lt;/span&gt;، اضطراب ۰٫۰۴۱=&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;P&lt;/span&gt;، عامل اجتماعی ۰/۰۴=&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;P&lt;/span&gt; و افسردگی ۰/۰۰۱=&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;P&lt;/span&gt;) و رضایت زناشویی (۰/۰۳۰=&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;P&lt;/span&gt;) تفاوت معنادار مشاهده گردید. در مورد سایر متغیرها تفاوت معناداری مشاهده نشد.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;نتیجه‌گیری: &lt;/strong&gt;پیشگیری و برنامه‌ریزی برای کنترل متغیرهای مورد بحث در تحقیق حاضر شامل زمان آگاهی از معلولیت، میزان تمایل به ازدواج والدین، نوع رابطه والدین قبل از تولد و حین بارداری و نیز سلامت روانی مادر و رضایت زناشویی می‌تواند علاوه بر بهبود وضعیت حاضر این خانواده‌ها، به کاهش بروز چنین خانواده‌هایی کمک نماید.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</abstract_fa>
	<abstract>&lt;!--stripped--&gt;&lt;o:officedocumentsettings&gt; &lt;o:allowpng&gt; &lt;/o:allowpng&gt;&lt;/o:officedocumentsettings&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;!--stripped--&gt;&lt;!--stripped--&gt;&lt;!--stripped--&gt;&lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:view&gt; &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:zoom&gt; &lt;w:trackmoves&gt; &lt;w:trackformatting&gt; &lt;w:punctuationkerning&gt; &lt;w:validateagainstschemas&gt; &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt; &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:ignoremixedcontent&gt; &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt; &lt;w:donotpromoteqf&gt; &lt;w:lidthemeother&gt;EN-US&lt;/w:lidthemeother&gt; &lt;w:lidthemeasian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:lidthemeasian&gt; &lt;w:lidthemecomplexscript&gt;FA&lt;/w:lidthemecomplexscript&gt; &lt;w:compatibility&gt; &lt;w:breakwrappedtables&gt; &lt;w:snaptogridincell&gt; &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct&gt; &lt;w:useasianbreakrules&gt; &lt;w:dontgrowautofit&gt; &lt;w:splitpgbreakandparamark&gt; &lt;w:enableopentypekerning&gt; &lt;w:dontflipmirrorindents&gt; &lt;w:overridetablestylehps&gt; &lt;/w:overridetablestylehps&gt;&lt;/w:dontflipmirrorindents&gt;&lt;/w:enableopentypekerning&gt;&lt;/w:splitpgbreakandparamark&gt;&lt;/w:dontgrowautofit&gt;&lt;/w:useasianbreakrules&gt;&lt;/w:wraptextwithpunct&gt;&lt;/w:snaptogridincell&gt;&lt;/w:breakwrappedtables&gt;&lt;/w:compatibility&gt; &lt;m:mathpr&gt; &lt;m:mathfont m:val=&quot;Cambria Math&quot;&gt; &lt;m:brkbin m:val=&quot;before&quot;&gt; &lt;m:brkbinsub m:val=&quot;--&quot;&gt; &lt;m:smallfrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;&gt; &lt;m:dispdef&gt; &lt;m:lmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt; &lt;m:rmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt; &lt;m:defjc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;&gt; &lt;m:wrapindent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;&gt; &lt;m:intlim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;&gt; &lt;m:narylim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;&gt; &lt;/m:narylim&gt;&lt;/m:intlim&gt;&lt;/m:wrapindent&gt;&lt;/m:defjc&gt;&lt;/m:rmargin&gt;&lt;/m:lmargin&gt;&lt;/m:dispdef&gt;&lt;/m:smallfrac&gt;&lt;/m:brkbinsub&gt;&lt;/m:brkbin&gt;&lt;/m:mathfont&gt;&lt;/m:mathpr&gt; &lt;!--stripped--&gt;&lt;!--stripped--&gt; &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate=&quot;false&quot; defpriority=&quot;99&quot; defqformat=&quot;false&quot; defsemihidden=&quot;true&quot; defunhidewhenused=&quot;true&quot; latentstylecount=&quot;267&quot;&gt; &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Normal&quot; 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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr unicode-bidi: embed text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Objective:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt; The purpose of this study was to compare the cognitive, psychological and social characteristics between parents who have more than one exceptional child and those parents with normal child&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr unicode-bidi: embed text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Materials &amp; Methods:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt; In this cross sectional and comparative study, 80 families who had more than one exceptional child were conveniently selected and 53 families with normal child were selected using multi-stage sampling in schools of Uromia city, western Iran. The Cognitive, Psychological and Social Characteristics of Parents with more than One Special Child Questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Evaluation and Nurturing Relationship Issues Communication and Happiness (ENRICH)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; were used. Compromise Xi Chi, Yu-Man Whitney and t tests were used for data analysis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr unicode-bidi: embed text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Results:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt; Among cognitive, psychological and social variables, job (Father and Mother) (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001) education (Father &amp; Mother) time of disability awareness (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001) parents&amp;#39 level of interest to marriage (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001) parents&amp;#39 relationship before birth (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001) parents&amp;#39 relationship during pregnancy (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001) Mothers&amp;#39 mental health (physical symptoms &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.037, depression &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.041, social dysfunction &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.04, anxiety and insomnia &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.001) and marital satisfaction (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.030) were statistically significant between the two groups. Other variables were not statistically significant between the two groups. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr unicode-bidi: embed text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;It seems that planning to control and prevent variables such as time of disability awareness, parents&amp;#39 level of interest to marriage, parents’ relationship before birth and during pregnancy, mothers’ mental health and marital satisfaction would help to reduce disability occurrences and to improve situations for these kinds of families&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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</abstract>
	<keyword_fa>شناختی, روانی, اجتماعی, والدین, کودک استثنایی</keyword_fa>
	<keyword>Cognitive, Psychological, Social, Parents, Exceptional children</keyword>
	<start_page>53</start_page>
	<end_page>64</end_page>
	<web_url>http://rehabilitationj.uswr.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-388-5&amp;slc_lang=fa&amp;sid=1</web_url>


<author_list>
	<author>
	<first_name>Mohammad</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Mousavy-Khatat</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>محمد</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>موسوی خطاط</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code></code>
	<orcid></orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>University of Social Welfare &amp; Rehabilitation Sciences</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی </affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Mehran</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Soleimani</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>مهران</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>سلیمانی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code></code>
	<orcid></orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>University of Tehran</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی دانشگاه تهران</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Kianoush</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>A'bdi</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>کیانوش</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>عبدی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>k55abdi@yahoo.com </email>
	<code></code>
	<orcid></orcid>
	<coreauthor>Yes
</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>University of Social Welfare &amp; Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی، تهران، ایران.</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


</author_list>


	</article>
</articleset>
</journal>
