TY - JOUR T1 - The Comparison of Forces Applied to the Knee Extensor Mechanism during Stance Phase of Gait in Flat Footed Females Three Different in-Shoe Orthotics TT - بررسی و مقایسه اثرات بالشتک حمایتی قوس داخلی و گوه‌های پاشنه و پنجه‌پا بر تغییر میزان نیروی اعمال‌شده بر اکستانسور مکانیزم زانو در فاز ایستایی راه‌رفتن در دختران 25-19 سال دارای کف پای صاف JF - USWR JO - USWR VL - 12 IS - 4 UR - http://rehabilitationj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-387-en.html Y1 - 2012 SP - 85 EP - 92 KW - Extensor mechanism KW - Hyper pronation KW - In-shoe orthotics N2 - Objective: It has been postulated that subtalar position and movement would influence the function of the foot and the lower limb’s biomechanical alignment as a whole. The aim of this study was to compare the changes of force applied to the knee extensor mechanism of the female subjects while applying three different in-shoe orthotic appliances. Materials & Methods: Feiss Line test was used to assign a group of 10 healthy female subjects aged at 19-25 years as flat foot group. Retro reflective calibration and tracking markers were placed on the subjects over anatomically relevant locations. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected by employing a three dimensional motion capture system (Qualisys®Ltd, Sweden) and a force platform (Kistler®, Switzerland) respectively, while subjects walked at their preferred speed with 3 different in-shoe orthotics: simple insole, insole with medial arch support, insole with medial arch support and medial heel wedge, and insole with medial arch support and lateral forefoot wedge. Results: A statistically significant lower amount of the force applied to the extensor mechanism was found while applying medial arch support combined with lateral wedge (P=0.005). Conclusion: It could be concluded that changes of the different foot insoles would alter the force applied to the knee extensor mechanism. Results of this study emphasize the immediate effect of applying a medial arch support combined lateral wedge on reduction of the force applied to the extensor mechanism through which decrease a tendency towards musculoskeletal injuries. M3 ER -