Volume 26, Issue 4 (Winter- In Press 2026)
jrehab 2026, 26(4): 0-0 |
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Ethics code: IR.UMA.REC.1404.019
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Piri E, Jafarnezhadgero A, Dehghani M. Influence of Insole Type and Fatigue on the Frequency Content of Lower Limb Muscles in ACL- Reconstruction Patients with Foot Pronation during running. jrehab 2026; 26 (4)
URL: http://rehabilitationj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-3700-en.html
URL: http://rehabilitationj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-3700-en.html
1- University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2- University of Mohaghegh Ardabili ,amiralijafarnezhad@gmail.com
2- University of Mohaghegh Ardabili ,
Abstract: (23 Views)
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different types of foot orthoses and fatigue on the frequency spectrum of the electromyographic activity of lower limb muscles in individuals with ACLR-PF at different time intervals during running.
Materials & Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, thirty men with ACLR-PF, along with ten healthy men, participated. A wireless surface electromyography system was used to record the electrical activity of lower limb muscles during different phases of running. The participants were evaluated under four different insole conditions (control shoe, placebo, arch support, and double-density insole), both before and after the implementation of a fatigue protocol (using a treadmill and based on the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale). Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and the Bonferroni post-hoc test at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05.
Results: The findings revealed that under the placebo insole condition, the fatigue-group interaction showed a significant increase for the biceps femoris muscle during the loading response phase (P= 0.038; d= 0.200) and for the gluteus medius muscle during the mid-stance phase (P= 0.048; d= 0.019). Furthermore, the results indicated that under the Arch Support insole condition, the fatigue-group interaction demonstrated a statistically significant increase for the biceps femoris muscle during the mid-stance phase (P= 0.045; d= 0.019) and the push-off phase (P= 0.040; d= 0.020). The findings showed that under the double-density insole condition, the fatigue-group interaction resulted in a statistically significant decrease for the tibialis anterior muscle during the mid-stance phase (P= 0.039; d= 0.001), for the GC during the push-off phase (P= 0.035; d= 0.217), and for the tibialis anterior during the deceleration phase (P= 0.002; d= 0.100).
Conclusion: It appears that both fatigue and the use of different insoles can alter the neuromuscular activity pattern in individuals with ACLR-PF. Among the insoles examined, more specialized insoles such as the Arch Support insole and the double-density insole showed greater potential in mitigating the negative effects of fatigue and improving muscle activity patterns, particularly in patients in the early stages after surgery (less than 6-month).
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different types of foot orthoses and fatigue on the frequency spectrum of the electromyographic activity of lower limb muscles in individuals with ACLR-PF at different time intervals during running.
Materials & Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, thirty men with ACLR-PF, along with ten healthy men, participated. A wireless surface electromyography system was used to record the electrical activity of lower limb muscles during different phases of running. The participants were evaluated under four different insole conditions (control shoe, placebo, arch support, and double-density insole), both before and after the implementation of a fatigue protocol (using a treadmill and based on the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale). Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and the Bonferroni post-hoc test at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05.
Results: The findings revealed that under the placebo insole condition, the fatigue-group interaction showed a significant increase for the biceps femoris muscle during the loading response phase (P= 0.038; d= 0.200) and for the gluteus medius muscle during the mid-stance phase (P= 0.048; d= 0.019). Furthermore, the results indicated that under the Arch Support insole condition, the fatigue-group interaction demonstrated a statistically significant increase for the biceps femoris muscle during the mid-stance phase (P= 0.045; d= 0.019) and the push-off phase (P= 0.040; d= 0.020). The findings showed that under the double-density insole condition, the fatigue-group interaction resulted in a statistically significant decrease for the tibialis anterior muscle during the mid-stance phase (P= 0.039; d= 0.001), for the GC during the push-off phase (P= 0.035; d= 0.217), and for the tibialis anterior during the deceleration phase (P= 0.002; d= 0.100).
Conclusion: It appears that both fatigue and the use of different insoles can alter the neuromuscular activity pattern in individuals with ACLR-PF. Among the insoles examined, more specialized insoles such as the Arch Support insole and the double-density insole showed greater potential in mitigating the negative effects of fatigue and improving muscle activity patterns, particularly in patients in the early stages after surgery (less than 6-month).
Keywords: Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Muscular Fatigue, Frequency Spectrum, Pronated Feet, Running.
Type of Study: Original |
Subject:
Orthotics & Prosthetics
Received: 20/10/2025 | Accepted: 12/12/2025 | Published: 1/03/2026
Received: 20/10/2025 | Accepted: 12/12/2025 | Published: 1/03/2026
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